1. Settling the Northern & Middle Colonies

2. Political Life in England (1603 -1688)
After the death of Elizabeth I in 1603, the crown passed to the Catholic Stuarts (James I )
James ruled as a Protestant monarch
But, chronic conflict with the Protestant majority of Parliament
Organized a new translation of the Bible in English ‘King James Bible’
Direct persecution of Puritans

4. Charles I attempted to rule w/o Parliament
English Civil War ( ); Charles I beheaded
Puritan Oliver Cromwell rules as ‘Lord Protector’ until his death
Restoration of Stuarts (Charles II) in 1660
1685, James II begins Catholic drama again
1688, Glorious Revolution
William & Mary (monarchy must be head of the Church of England)
English Bill of Rights establishes precedent of documenting the protected rights of citizens

5. Calvinism is America
Puritans wished to rid-English Christianity of all Catholic (papist) elements
God is all-knowing & all-powerful
Humans are weak & prone to sin
It is predetermined which souls go to heaven
Only during conversion might one receive a sign that he/she had been saved
Separatists believed that only ‘visible saints’ should be members of the Church of England
But all of the King’s subjects were entitled to membership
Needed to break away completely from C of E
James I threatened their leadership
went to Holland, then secured the right to settle in the VA Company’s lands in 1620
Arrived in Plymouth Bay as squatters, needed to create gov’t & gain right to the land

7. Plymouth Colony: “the errand into the wilderness’
Mayflower Compact
basic plan of gov’t
Demonstration of their fidelity to King James I
102 sailed on the Mayflower, only 44 survived the first winter
Celebrated “Thanksgiving” with the Wampanoag tribe who helped them survive the first winter
Leader -William Bradford (elected 30 times)
Only accepted Puritan immigrants
non-Puritans would corrupt their society
Only 7,000 by the 1690s

8. “A City Upon a Hill”

9. The Massachusetts Bay Colony
Founded by Puritans in 1630 to escape potential persecution by Charles I
More than 1,000 settlers, most were educated & well-off
specialize in shipbuilding & timber as industries
Increased in size during the Great Migration of the 1630s
John Winthrop called it “a city upon a hill’ –their covenant with God to build a holy society
Only church members ‘freemen’ could vote on provincial matters
Everyone paid taxes to support the church
Clergymen could not hold political office

10. The Great ‘Puritan’ Migration, 1630-40

11. War & Peace in the Puritan World
Pequot War 1637
Destroyed the Pequot tribe
united w/Narragansett Indians in CT
New England Confederation 1643,
Puritan colonies -Mass. Bay, Plymouth, New Haven
due to a lack of British support during the English Civil War
King Phillip’s War, (Metacom’s War) 1675,
Wampanoag Indians united with other tribes to stop Puritans moving into Western Massachusetts
Puritans win

13. ‘Rogues Island’
Rhode Island became home to theological dissidents exiled from Massachusetts Bay
Anne Hutchinson -1638
Holy life was no sign of salvation
Roger Williams -1635
Civil gov’t cannot regulate religious behavior
Founded the city of Providence as a place of religious toleration for all faiths, including Jews

14. Connecticut Colony
Founded by Rev. Thomas Hooker in 1639 & other Boston Puritans
Fertile region of New England
Produced first written constitution, The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

15. Diversity in the Middle Colonies
Colony of New Netherland established by the Dutch Republic in 1624
As a port city, a diverse population of Swedes, Finns, Germans and Africans emerged
New York established in 1664 after the British invade Manhattan island and surrounding lands
New Jersey (proprietary colony) will split into 2 colonies due to land purchases by Quakers
Delaware will not be independent until after the Revolution
Middle colonies will become heavy exporters of grain & lumber

16. Quakers in America
Quakerism was persecuted in England (1640s-80s) for not accepting Calvinist belief in predestination
Everyone possessed an “inner light” that offered salvation
Egalitarian; no titles, no oaths, no clergy, no slavery
1681, William Penn secures a grant for his ‘holy experiment’ of Pennsylvania
Advertised honestly for skilled workers & offered freedom of worship
Philadelphia, planned city, unlike most colonial settlements

17. Frame of Government of Pennsylvania, 1682
XXXV. That all persons living in this province, who confess and acknowledge the one Almighty and eternal God, to be the Creator, Upholder and Ruler of the world; and that hold themselves obliged in conscience to live peaceably and justly in civil society, shall, in no ways, be molested or prejudiced for their religious persuasion, or practice, in matters of faith and worship, nor shall they be compelled, at any time, to frequent or maintain any religious worship, place or ministry whatever.