1. The Crusades and the Bubonic Plague
Ch. 14
The Crusades and the Bubonic Plague

3. The Crusades
1050s – Muslims invade Byzantine Empire. Extend power over Palestine to the Holy Land
1095 – Byzantine Emperor Alexius I asks Pope Urban for help in ridding his empire of Muslim invaders.
Pope Urban agrees to help. Hopes to consolidate his own power, end schism between Rome and Constantinople and keep Christian knights from fighting one another.

4. The First Crusade
Christian Kingdoms like England, France, and the Holy Roman Empire send knights to Jerusalem
Stop and sack many Orthodox Christian towns on the way
1099 – Christian knights capture Jerusalem, slaughter the inhabitants
1187 – Muslim soldiers under Saladin recapture Jerusalem.

5. The Second and Third Crusades
After a period of peace, Catholic priests call for another crusade
Jerusalem was under control of Saladin
Fail
So they try again, with Richard the Lion Heart leading, accompanied by German emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) and Philip II (Augustus) of France
Run out of food and water, but a truce is reached.
Christian pilgrims are allowed to visit the holy land

6. The Fourth Crusade Plan to invade Holy Land through Egypt
Instead they stop at Constantinople and sack the city

7. The Children's Crusade
Boy claims to have been visited by Jesus, says he is to lead a crusade to peacefully convert Muslims
20,000 boys and girls follow
Fail

8. Effects of the Crusades on Europe
Economic expansion – increased trade
Increased power of the monarchs.
Wider world view
Europe receives the scholarship and learning of the Muslim empire
Begins the Renaissance (Rebirth)

9. The Final Invader – The Black Death
The Black Death was one of the worst natural disasters in history. In 1347 A.D., a great plague swept over Europe,  ravaged  cities causing  widespread  hysteria  and death. One third of the population of Europe died. "The impact upon the future of England was greater than upon any other European country." (Cartwright, 1991) The primary culprits in transmitting this disease were oriental rat fleas carried on the back of black rats .
Frederick F. Cartwright, DISEASE AND HISTORY, Dorset Press, New York, 1991, p. 42.

10. The Disease Cycle Human is infected!
Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria.
Bacteria
multiply in
flea’s gut.
Human is infected!
Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound.
Flea’s gut clogged with bacteria.

11. The Final Invader – The Spread of the Black Death

12. The Final Invader – The Black Death
"The first signs of the plague were lumps in the groin or armpits. After this, livid black spots appeared on the arms and thighs and other parts of the body. Few recovered. Almost all died within three days, usually without any fever."

13. The Final Invader – The Effects of the Black Death
In Medieval England, the Black Death was to kill 1.5 million people. No medical knowledge existed in Medieval England to cope with the disease. After 1350, it was to strike England another six times by the end of the century.

14. Effects of Plague Town populations fall Trade declines; prices soar
Serfs leave manors
Jews are blamed for the plague
Church suffers when prayers fail to lift the plague
Priests abandon their posts