1. The Age of Exploration
7-1.1: compare the colonial claims and the expansion of European powers through 1770.

2. Brainstorming!
Discuss with your partner what you remember from last year about exploration.
Some things to think about…
1. What countries were involved?
2. Where did these countries explore?
3. Why did these countries explore?
4. What do you think will happen when the explorers get to new lands? (what about natives?)

3. What Will You Learn?
By the end of this unit, you will be able to demonstrate an understanding of the growth and impact of global trade on world civilization in the 1600s – 1700s (Standard 7-1).

4. Vocabulary Circumnavigate Circle the globe Conquistador
Spanish conqueror in the New World (Americas)
Compass
Uses a magnetic needle to navigate direction
Astrolabe
Device that allows sailors to determine location using latitude
Rudder
Flat, movable piece at the rear of the ship that makes it easier to steer
Caravel
A smaller, faster, lighter ship that had triangular sails that allowed boats to sail into the wind. It also allowed boats to sail closer to shore.

5. Vocabulary Mercantilism
Countries (kings) get rich (gold and silver) by forcing their colonies to trade with them. MOTHER COUNTRY MAKES MONEY!
Capitalism
People, not the government, make goods and own businesses and buy/sell the goods freely to make a profit.
Export
Sell goods to other countries
Import
Buy goods from other countries
Balance of Trade
The difference between what a nation imports and what it exports.
Tariff
Taxes on goods

6. Colonial Expansion Making Predictions: Quick Questions…
What European countries do you think were exploring the Americas?
What do you think these countries were looking for?
What do you think they did when they arrived there?

7. Colonial Expansion - What are they used for? - Why are they important?
Maps:
- What are they used for?
- Why are they important?
- Does the quality of the map matter (how good it is)? Why?
You will need to use maps to compare the colonial claims and expansion European powers through1770 (7-1.1).

8. The G’s of Exploration (General Reasons for Exploration)
1. God (spread Christianity)
2. Glory (glory for their country)
3. Gold (discovery for gold and riches)
4. Guns (dominate new territories)

9. Motives for Exploring
European countries wanted new markets (people and places) to trade their country’s goods with.
European countries were seeking new products not grown or created in their own countries (spices, silks).
Searching for an all-water route to Asia to avoid the Italian traders. (Italians controlled all trade with Asian traders and charged very high prices).
Competition!!! European countries wanted new territories to colonize. The more land they had, the more powerful they were considered!

10. ESPN - F There are only 5 European countries involved in Exploration:
- England
- Spain
- Portugal
- Netherlands
- France

11. Portugal
Prince Henry the Navigator set up a naval research center in 1420.
He ordered the West Coast of Africa to be mapped, leading Portugal to be the first to explore Africa.

12. Portugal Bartholomeu Dias Vasco da Gama
1488: Dias explored the southern tip of Africa.
1497: da Gama round the Cape of Good Hope and sailed to India. He found the all water route to Asia first!

13. Portugal Ferdinand Magellan Pedro Cabral
First to sail around the tip of South America.
Given credit for circumnavigating the globe, although he died before they completed the voyage.
The Line of Demarcation (1493) was an imaginary line running from the North to South Pole. Spain could have what was to the west, Portugal to the East.
Pedro Cabral claimed the land that is now Brazil in 1500.

14. Summary Statement for Portugal
Portugal is the first to do EVERYTHING in exploration EXCEPT for discover the Americas!

15. Spain Christopher Columbus
An Italian sailor who found monetary support from the king and queen of Spain.
Believed he could reach Asia by sailing west.
Used the Ptolemaic map that was over a thousand years old.
Sailed west and landed in current day San Salvador (Bahamas).
Believed he was in the West Indies so he called the Native American people “Indians.”
Spain
Christopher Columbus

16. Spain
Spanish conquistadors (soldiers) used force to take control of the Caribbean Islands, Central and South America, the Southwest region of the United States, and Florida.

17. Summary Statement for Spain
Spain discovered the Americas and used force to conquer most of Central America, South America, the Caribbean, and parts of the North America.

18. England
John Cabot: Sailing as England’s first explorer John Cabot and his son travelled west and explored current day Canada.
John Cabot disappeared on his second voyage and was never heard from again.

19. England
Henry Hudson: An English explorer credited with discovering the Hudson River and the Hudson Bay. (New England)
The English later explored and settled along the eastern coast of North America.

20. Summary Statement for England
England explored and claimed areas in North America, including parts of Canada and the Eastern Coast of North America.

21. France
Jacques Cartier: A French explorer searching for a northwest passage, ended up exploring current day Canada.
Sailed up the St. Lawrence River, thinking he could cross the new world and get to Asia.
Also claimed present day New Orleans, Louisiana.
France also claimed the Mississippi River Valley (area along the Mississippi River).
France quit exploring by the mid 1500s due to civil war in their country.

22. Summary Statement for France
France explored and claimed areas of North America, including Canada, Louisiana, and the Mississippi River Valley.

23. Netherlands
The Dutch explored and settled along the Hudson River in New York. New York was originally known as “New Amsterdam,” named for the capital of the Netherlands. They will later give this up to England.
Dutch established many colonies for trading in Asia.

24. Summary Statement for the Netherlands
The Netherlands claimed a small settlement in New York, but the majority of Dutch colonies were established in Asia.

25. The Americas

26. Map of European Colonial Expansion
Spanish
Portuguese
French
Dutch
British
Questions:
Where were European countries colonizing?
What three countries colonized the largest portions of North America?

27. Learning Activity! Your completed map will:
Use the resources provided to complete the map of European countries that expanded their global power during the 1600s-1700s.
Your completed map will:
- Have proper capitalization and correct spelling.
- Be shaded
- Be neat
England
France
Portugal
Spain
Netherlands (Dutch)