1. Greek Architecture and Sculpture
Chapter 11 Sec. 3

2. Background
The Greeks were very interested in making beautiful temples and buildings
They made these for the Gods and themselves
They developed a certain type of architecture that is still seen in the world today

3. Greek Columns
(1) every column has 3 parts
(a) capital (top)
(b) shaft (middle)
(c) base (bottom)

5. (2) The Greeks invented 3 different types of columns
(a) Doric columns: most simple and most popular

6. Capital: plain and undecorated; looks like a round cushion under a rectangular block
Shaft: bulges slightly in middle to make column look straight
Base: platform used, sometimes not used

7. (b) Ionic columns (fancier)
Capital: looks like ram’s horns
Shaft: much thinner with more fluting
Base: decorated, stepped or layered, with a supporting block of stone

8. Ionic Columns

9. (c) Corinthian columns (fanciest)
Capital: highly decorated and ornate with leaves
Shaft: Maximum fluting
Base: stepped and decorated

10. Corinthian Columns

11. Corinthian columns at the Louvre

13. (3) The Greeks also used frieze to decorate their buildings
(a) Frieze is a horizontal band of decoration at the top of a temple
(b) External frieze- located above columns
(c) Internal frieze- around upper portion of inner walls

14. frieze

15. At the Parthenon, the frieze depicts the Panathenaic Procession, which was a procession that led citizens to a festival to celebrate Athena

16. (4) Pediment is another type of decoration
(a) It is the triangular area above the external frieze

17. ` At the Parthenon, the sculpture’s depict Athena’s birth
Also show Athena and Poseidon’s battle over Athens (where Athena wins with the olive tree) `

18. Parthenon– temple to Athena

19. Parthenon

20. (1) Information
designed by Ictinus
masterpiece of Greek architecture
appears perfectly straight
Doric columns
made of marble

21. (2) notable parts of the Parthenon
(a) cella- inside room (only priests allowed)
was the location of Phidias’ statue of Athena
Athena Parthenos

22. (3) Temple of Athena Nike
(a) means “Victorious Athena”
(b) porch of columns at both ends- Ionic columns

23. Greek Sculpture
(1) Six things to remember about Greek sculpture
(a) emphasis on body curves

24. (b) lots of muscles (ideal, perfect body)

25. (c) no pupils in the eyes

26. (d) nude or draped in thin, flowing clothes

27. (e) curly hair

28. (f) made of marble or bronze

29. The Olympic
Games

30. Greek Cultural Contributions Notes (page 2)

31. The Olympic Games
First Olympic Games held in 776 BCE at Olympia, Greece

32. Held every 4 years (a 4-year period is called an Olympiad)
Started as a 5-day summer festival to honor the god Zeus

33. All wars, battles, etc. stopped during the Olympics

34. (1) women were not even allowed to watch!
Only men competed
(1) women were not even allowed to watch!
(2) there was a separate Olympics for women - Heraea
Who might they have been named after?

35. Each athlete swore to Zeus to honor the rules of the game
(1) punishment – athlete was fined
(2) made statues of cheaters so they could be mocked

36. Events
(1) Day 1
(a) sacrifices to Zeus (bulls)

37. (2) Day 2
(a) chariot races at the hippodrome (oval track) (b) pentathlon (5 events)

38. (3) Day 3
(a) more sacrifices

39. (4) Day 4
(a) foot races (ran barefoot) (b) wrestling (c) boxing (d) pankration (free-for-all fight)

40. (5) Day 5
(a) champions receive olive wreaths and have big banquet

41. Ancient Olympics stopped being held in 394 CE
(1) Roman Emperor felt they were a pagan event

42. 1896 CE – Olympic Games were restarted
(1) 1900 – women allowed to compete
(2) 1924 – Winter Olympics were added
(3) 1992 – last year that the Summer and Winter Olympics were held in the same year

43. When and where are the next Olympics?

44. Every 2 years, the Olympic flame is lit at Olympia, Greece and carried to the present site of the Olympics.

45. The Greek Theater
Chapter 11 Section 2

46. Greek Theater
General Information
Drama is the art dealing with the writing and production of plays - created by the Greeks

47. Theater is the presentation of drama – also created by the Greeks

48. Greek theater grew out of festivals given to honor Dionysus (god of wine, theater, and revelry)

49. The Birth of Theater
Step #1 – It began as people telling stories about Dionysus at festivals
Step #2 – A chorus began chanting and dancing the stories to music

50. Step #3 – At certain points, the chorus fell silent - The chorus leader would give a soliloquy
Step #4 – Gradually, the chorus
became shorter and the soliloquies became longer

51. Step #5 – Stories were no longer just told about Dionysus – They began to be told about other gods and heroes
Step #6 – Eventually, a 2nd character was added, then a 3rd– acting was possible

52. Step #7 - The play was born!

53. 3.) Relationships between Gods and men/FATE 4.) Serious matters
Tragedies
The first Greek plays were tragedies (1) stories about suffering (2) usually had an unhappy ending
3.) Relationships between Gods and men/FATE
4.) Serious matters

54. During the Golden Age, there was a festival to honor Dionysus called the Dionysia
(1) the highlight was a drama competition between 3 tragic playwrights at the Theatre of Dionysus

55. Three of the greatest writers of Greek tragedies
Three of the greatest writers of Greek tragedies (1) Aeschylus – power and its effect on people

56. (2) Sophocles – how suffering can make you a better person

57. (3) Euripides – people suffer because they do bad things

58. Comedies
Comedies developed after tragedies (1) had happy endings – hero triumphs (2) often poked fun at people

59. (3) Greatest writer of comedies - Aristophanes

60. More General Information
All performers in Greek plays were males
(1) female parts played by men in costumes

61. Costumes and masks were worn by actors. (1) showed 3 things about the
Costumes and masks were worn by actors (1) showed 3 things about the character (a) gender (b) age (c) mood

62. Amphitheaters – outdoor theaters where plays were viewed
(1) men and women allowed to watch (2) poor people could go for free

63. Greek amphitheaters

64. “Oedipus Rex” cheat sheet
Thebes- city-state in Greece
Laius- King of Thebes
Jocasta- Queen of Thebes
Oracle at Delphi- most famous Greek oracle
Oedipus- Son born to Laius and Jacosta but given up at birth. He does not know he is adopted and lives with adoptive parents in Corinth
The Sphinx- a Greek creature with the body of a lion, eagle’s wings, a serpent’s tail, and the head of a woman
Teiresias- blind prophet