1. Social Studies 9
Chapter 7
The Home Front

2. War Brings Change The Second World War changes all countries involved
Catalyst: An event that brings about change
How might the Second World War have changed Canadas’ sense of identity as:
Individuals
Citizens

3. 7.1 The War At Home (Economy)
In 1939 Canada’s economy is doing poorly.
12-13% Unemployment
1 million people on relief
Canada’s Unemployment rate today is 7.2%
The war would bring this to an end

4. 7.1 The War At Home (Economy)
The National resources Mobilization Act (NRMA) 1940
Gives government increased power over citizens
Workers could be assigned to factories
Farmers and coal miners not allowed to go to war
People had to have a permit to search for a new job
Moved people from non essential jobs to essential jobs
do and authorize such acts and things, and make from time to time such orders and regulations, requiring persons to place themselves, their services and their property at the disposal of His Majesty in right of Canada, as may be deemed necessary or expedient for securing the public safety, the defence of Canada, the maintenance of public order, or the efficient prosecution of the war, or for maintaining supplies or services essential to the life of the community.

6. 7.1 The War At Home (Economy)
A Changing Economy:
Pre-War Economy: Based on primary resources
Farming
Fishing
Forestry
Mining
Post War Economy: Manufacturing plays a bigger role
The growth of the manufacturing industry lays the roots for the
Windsor - Quebec City Corridor

7. 7.1 The War At Home (Economy)
Canada becomes a major supplier of war products to both Britain and the
Soviet Union to help defeat the Nazis
Canadians build: Machine guns, bullets, artillery shells, military vehicles, tanks, planes,
artillery guns, explosives, medical supplies and much more

8. 7.1 The War At Home (Economy)
A Changed Economy:
The Second World War has a long lasting impact on the Canadian Economy:
The increased production and employment ended the great depression.
The federal government takes responsibility for managing the economy for the benefit of all Canadians
The Windsor-Quebec City Corridor emerges as Canada’s heartland
An unbreakable economic unity emerges with the United States

10. 7.1 The War at Home (Social)
The biggest social change in Canada has to do with the role of women in the workforce and military

11. 7.1 The War at Home (Social)
Women in the military:
So many women volunteered for the military that the armed forces had to create women’s branches.
Over 46,000 women serve overseas as cooks, nurses, welders, and radar operators.
One group of women flew newly manufactured airplanes to Britain
So many women were working that Ontario paid for childcare

12. 7.1 The War at Home (Social)
Women in the Workforce:
There was a labour shortage in Canada during the second world war.
Increased production of for the war
Many men enlisted in the armed forces
Even though women played a vital role in the winning of the war they are rarely paid as much as men for the same work.
50% of the arms workforce
30% of the aircraft workforce were women
Women gain self-confidence and a sense of accomplishment from their work during the war.

13. 7.1 The War at Home (Social)
Rationing:
The controlled the distribution of products that were limited in supply.
Foods like coffee, tea, sugar, meat, and milk.
Goods like rubber, gasoline, and certain metals.
Watches, fountain pens, cars, tires, and home appliances disappeared from stores
There was not silk for women's stockings many would dye their legs black to avoid the ugly cotton stockings available

14. 7.1 The War at Home (Political)
Many Canadians had turned to new political parties in the 1930’s to find solutions for the nations problems

15. 7.1 The War at Home (Political)
Social Policy:
Tommy Douglas is a leader of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF)
Douglas seen the impact the depression had on the Prairies and fought for changes that he believed would help the people there
The economic boom associated with the war creates the conditions where some of these changes can begin to happen
To avoid losing voters Mackenzie King adopts some of the social policies proposed by the (CCF)

16. 7.1 The War at Home (Political)
Unemployment Insurance is introduced to Canada in 1940
Why would unemployment insurance be an easy change for the government in 1940?
Baby bonus or family allowance is introduced in 1945

17. 7.1 The War at Home (Political)
Conscription:
Conscription: to compel people to join the armed forces by law
In 1939 King promises not to introduce conscription.
In 1940 NRMA includes conscription but only for the home front
By 1944 there are so many casualties that King has to order NRMA soldiers to the war in Europe.
NRMA soldiers are called “Zombies” because they did not want to fight in Europe

18. 7.1 The War at Home (Political)
King breaks his promise not to conscript Canadians the reaction
But it is late in the war only 2400 conscripts actually fight
The reaction from French citizens is not as bad as World War One

19. 7.1 The War at Home (Political)
A New Province:
Newfoundland Joins Canada partly as a result of the Second World War
At the time Newfoundland was seen as a small colony of Britain with 1200
settlements scattered along the coast. Relying entirely on fisheries, forestry and mining
Newfoundland had governed itself from when national debt let to Britain taking control

20. 7.1 The War at Home (Political)
The newfoundland economy improves during the Second World War
The strategic location leads to the opening of bases
Canada:
Gander
Botwood
Goose Bay
United States:
Argentia
St. Johns
Stephenville
Argentia
The construction of these bases, and the need for people to run and maintain them stimulated the economy

21. 7.1 The War at Home (Political)
With a renewed economy Newfoundland needs to decide its future
There are three options:
1. Remain under the commission of government (British control)
2. Return to responsible government. (Newfoundland as its own Country)
3. Join Canada (Promoted by Joseph R. Smallwood)

23. 7.1 The War at Home (Political)
Two referendums are held:
In the first no option has more than 50% of the vote, commission is dropped as it has the least votes
In the second Joining Canada wins 52.3% to 47.7%

24. Chapter 7 The Homefront Part 2: Ethnic and Cultural Relationships
Social Studies 9
Chapter 7 The Homefront
Part 2: Ethnic and Cultural Relationships

25. 7.2 Ethnic and Cultural Relations
Internment Camps:
Factors that heighten fears include:
After Pearl Harbour that the Japanese would attack the rest of North America.
Long standing anti- Asian discrimination
Anti Asian propaganda that bred hatred and fear

26. 7.2 Ethnic and Cultural Relations
Canada’s solution was to intern Japanese Canadians
Intern: To hold someone against their will.
The first camps are set up in British Columbia’s interior
Internment camps would hold Japanese Canadians
Some people were sent to the Prairies or Ontario to work in camps

27. 7.2 Ethnic and Cultural Relations
How Internment Worked
Japanese Canadians were taken from their homes
Their businesses and possessions were confiscated
Japanese citizens would never be paid for their losses
Families were torn apart:
men to work camps
women and children to internment camps

28. 7.2 Ethnic and Cultural Relations
Who else was Interned:
Camp 70 near Minto, New Brunswick
Held German and Italian POWs
Held Canadians thought to be a security threat

30. Jewish Refugees Anti-Semitism existed in Canada before the war
Some towns and businesses put up signs stating Jews were not welcome
Jews could not hold some professions
Jews could not buy land in some areas

31. Jewish Refugees Canada’s treatment of Jewish refugees was racist
In the government bans all non farmer immigrants from countries other than Britain and the United States.
Even though Canada knows of the Nazi policies toward Jewish people they only allow 4000 to enter the country from
Some Jewish refugees are even kept at Camp 70 due to their Austrian or German citizenship

34. 7.2 Ethnic and Cultural Relations
Democracy for All?
The changes that begin during World War 2 lead to a re-examination of Canada’s ethnocentric policies
Many Canadians change their views about marginalized groups due to their service and sacrifice during the war
African-Canadians
First Nations
Chinese Canadians

35. 7.2 Ethnic and Cultural Relations
African Canadians
At the beginning of the war African Canadians faced discrimination.
Only when casualties began to rise were they accepted into the armed forces.
Most joined the army as the navy and air force still had discriminatory policies.
After the war African Canadians were not prepared to accept further discrimination.
This was the catalyst that led to the civil rights movement.

36. 7.2 Ethnic and Cultural Relations
Lester “Bub” Brown

37. 7.2 Ethnic and Cultural Relations
First Nations
In 1939 First Nations had to give up their status to vote in elections
3000 Status First Nations volunteer for war
They fight to protect rights that they are denied (right to vote)
After the war discrimination continued
First Nations do not get unrestricted voting rights until 1960

38. 7.2 Ethnic and Cultural Relations
Tommy Prince

39. 7.2 Ethnic and Cultural Relations
Tommy Prince

40. 7.2 Ethnic and Cultural Relations
Chinese Canadians
Not allowed to vote
Faced discrimination in society, especially in British Columbia
Were not allowed to join military unitl 1940
Many were recruited to fight behind enemy lines in the Pacific
Gained the right to vote in 1947.

41. 7.2 Ethnic and Cultural Relations
Chinese Canadians