1. Enzymes

2. To learn how enzymes work
Learning Intention
To learn how enzymes work

3. Enzymes: what we know
Enzymes are BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS which speed up BIOCHEMICAL reactions
Can be split into TWO categories:
- Synthesising Enzymes
- Degradation Enzymes

4. Synthesising Enzymes
Enzymes which involved in reactions where small molecules join together to make a larger molecule
An example of a synthesising enzyme is PHOSPHORYLASE which catalyses the reaction of glucose-1-phosphate molecules being built up into starch

5. What does the work degradation mean?
Degradation enzymes
What does the work degradation mean?

6. Catalyse the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules
Degradation enzymes
Catalyse the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules

7. What degradation enzymes have we looked at so far?

8. Hydrogen peroxide Water + Oxygen Starch Sugar (maltose)
Degradation enzymes
CATALASE
Hydrogen peroxide Water + Oxygen Starch Sugar (maltose)
AMYLASE

9. Looking closer..
amylase
Starch
Sugar (maltose)
The molecules which are involved in a chemical reaction in a cell are the SUBSTRATE, the ENZYME and the PRODUCT

10. Amylase reaction Substrate - Long starch molecule
Enzyme - AMYLASE- fits (like a jigsaw) with the substrate
Product - Maltose molecules and unchanged enzyme

11. Other degradation reactions
PROTEINS are broken into small PEPTIDE molecules (catalysed by PEPSIN)
FATS are broken into FATTY ACIDS and GLYCEROL (catalysed by LIPASE)
Fill in the information on page 10 of notes

12. Synthesis and Degradation enzymes
Write a paragraph in your jotter comparing degradation enzymes and synthesising enzymes- make sure to include examples (substrate- enzyme-product)

13. How do enzymes work? Like catalysts:
-Enzymes speed up biochemical reactions
- Are not changed or used up
- Lower the input energy needed

14. Enzymes Enzymes are made of proteins- examples of GLOBULAR PROTEINS
Different enzymes have different shapes depending on the arrangement (order) of the protein

15. The active site On the surface of the enzyme there is an active site.
Active site is the specific shape of the specific substrate
Enzyme
Substrate