1. Aim: Enzymes & Nucleic Acids
Enter Date
Aim: Enzymes & Nucleic Acids
Warm-up:
HW:

2. Enzymes Enzymes help speed up chemical reactions in our bodies.
In the chemical reaction, they are known as the catalyst.
The catalyst makes the time it takes for the reaction to occur much less.

3. Why is this important?
When you get injured, your body releases a hormone called Cortizone.
The body needs to be able to release this hormone quickly.
Enzymes can make this reaction lightening fast if they act as a catalyst.

4. Enzymes are Proteins Needs to be the right shape for the job Ex:
sucrase breaks down sucrose
proteases breakdown proteins
lipases breakdown lipids
ENZYMES END in ASE

5. Enzymes aren’t used up Not changed by the reaction
Used only temporarily
Re-used again for the same reaction with other molecules
substrate
product
active site
enzyme

6. Nothing works without enzymes!
How important are enzymes?
all chemical reactions in living organisms require enzymes to work
enzyme +
enzyme +

7. Examples
synthesis
enzyme +
digestion
enzyme +

8. Enzyme Vocabulary Enzyme Substrate Active site helper molecule
molecule that enzymes work on
Active site
part of enzyme that substrate molecule fits into

10. It’s shape that matters!
Lock & Key model
SHAPE of protein allows enzyme & substrate to fit
CHEMICALLY SPECIFIC

11. 1 2 3

13. What affects enzyme action?
Temperature
pH (acids & bases)
Substrate concentration
CHANGE the Shape CAN’T DO IT’S JOB

14. Temperature pH pH changes protein shape most human enzymes = pH 6-8
Optimum temperature
human enzymes =
35°- 40°C (body temp = 37°C) pH
pH changes protein shape
most human enzymes = pH 6-8

15. Temperature
37°
reaction rate
temperature

16. pH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 stomach pepsin intestines trypsin
reaction rate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 pH
Acidic
Basic

17. Denaturation Enzymes will denature when the temperature is too high.
Causes a change in shape.

18. Watson and Crick … and others…
1953 | 1962
Watson and Crick … and others…

19. Nucleic Acids Examples DNA RNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid RiboNucleic Acid

20. Function: genetic material Stores information Transfers information
genes
blueprint for building proteins
Transfers information
blueprint for new cells
blueprint for next generation
DNA
proteins

21. 5 different nucleotides
Building block =
nucleotides
nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide
5 different nucleotides
different nitrogen bases
phosphate
sugar
N base