1. Metabolism Catabolic reactions: breakdown
Sugar----> CO2 + H2O + energy
Anabolic reactions: building
Sun + CO2 + H2O---- Glucose

2. Thermodynamics
Study of Energy transformations

3. Thermodynamics 1st Law:
Energy can be transformed NOT created or destroyed
2nd Law:
Every transfer of energy: heat is lost (increase entropy)

4. Ecosystem thermodynamics
Energy into an ecosystem as light out as heat.

5. System stability System will move toward stability
High energy wants to shift to low energy (more stable)
Opposite charges want to go to eachother
Complex molecules want to breakdown

6. Free Energy
Free energy is the portion of energy that is free to do work…. Not just change temp.
Free E = potential E = potential to do work

7. Free energy in a system G = Free energy (potential energy)
T = absolute temperature in Kelvin (K)

8. Systems energy Equilibrium: change in G is 0 system performs no work.
Exergonic reaction: spontaneous: net release of energy
Cell respiration of glucose G = -686

9. Systems energy Endogenic reaction: requires energy input
Photosynthesis: synth. Glucose G = +686

10. Energy coupling
Exergonic reaction drives an endergonic
ATP mediates

11. Exergonic
Exergonic: net release of free energy. Decrease G: cell respiration - 686

12. Endogenic
Endogenic reaction: requires the input of energy: photosynthesis
G increase
G= + 686

13. Cell Respiration
Cell respiration: no reach equilibrium because: the products of 1 reaction are reactants of the next.

14. ATP ATP: mediates the coupling of reactions ATP: sugar = ribose
Nitrogenous base: adenine
3 phosphate groups
7.3 Kcal/mole of energy per ATP hydrolyzed
RNA: ribose, nitrogenous base, 1 phosphate

15. ATP Cell does 3 kinds of work:
Mechanical: contract, move cilia, move chromosomes
Transport: pump things across membrane
Chemical work: push endergonic rxn.s

16. ATP ATP + H2O = ADP + inorganic Phos. (Pi) ATP hydrolyzed to ADP
ATP hydrolyzed in beaker: makes Heat

17. ATP
Triphosphate tails: each has – charge. All close together: like compressed spring with potential energy
Phosphorylated: the reactant that accepts the phosphate group
Coupling reactions: the phosphorylated molecule is intermediary

18. ATP
Example:
Mechanical work: ATP phosphorylates a motor protein in cell.
Post work: ATP regenerated by cellular respiration

19. ATP Example: Active transport: ATP phosphorylates membrane protein
Chemical: phosphorylate key reactants in a reaction

20. Regenerate ATP
ADP + Pi = ATP + H2O
Endergonic: requires energy