1. Carbohydrate Metabolism

2. Catabolism
~15%
~85%

3. Central Role of Glucose

4. Fig 14-3
Fates of Pyruvate
Fig 14-3

5. Two phases of glycolysis

6. Fig 14-2

7. Fig 14-2

8. Preparatory Phase
Fig 14-2

9. Reaction 1: phosphorylation
pg 526
pg 532

10. Reaction 2: isomerization
pg 532

11. Fig 14-4

12. Reaction 3: phosphorylation
pg 532

13. Reaction 4: cleavage
pg 533

14. Reaction 5: isomerization
pg 534

15. Fig 14-6

16. Fig 14-6

17. Fig 14-2

18. Reaction 6: oxidation
pg 535

19. Covalent catalysis

20. Reaction 7: substrate level phosphorylation
pg 536

21. Reaction 8: shift of phosphoryl group
pg 537

22. Fig 14-8
~Fig 14-8

23. Reaction 9: dehydration
pg 538

24. Reaction 10: substrate level phosphorylation
pg 538

25. Efficiency

26. Feeder
Pathways
Fig 14-9

27. Glycogen
Breakdown

28. Glycogen Phosphorylase
Breakdown
Step 1.
Glycogen Phosphorylase
Fig 15-12
Pyridoxal phosphate

29. Glycogen
Breakdown
Phospho- glucomutase
Fig 15-12
Fig 15-27

30. Glycogen
Breakdown
Debranching enzyme

31. Glycogen storage diseases

32. Case study
Baby Sam was fine until 6 weeks of age but has not been thriving since her parents lengthened the time between feedings. She wakes frequently and is cranky but calms down with feeding. Her tummy is protruding more and more. It is obvious that she is suffering from hypoglycemia (and blood tests confirm this). What could be wrong, and what sorts of tests would you do to confirm your suspicions?

33. Fate of the products, pyruvate and NADH
Fig 14-3

34. LDH reaction
pg 547

35. Pyruvate decarboxylase reaction

38. Alcohol dehydrogenase reaction
pg 547

39. Regulation of glycolysis
Irreversible steps are regulated:
Hexokinase/Glucokinase
Phosphofructokinase I
Pyruvate Kinase

40. Control of glycogen phosphorylase
phosphorylation
phosphorylase b
(inactive)
phosphorylase a
(active)
glycogen breakdown

41. Glycogen phosphorylase is activated upon phosphorylation by phosphorylase kinase.

42. Glycogen phosphorylase is activated upon phosphorylation by phosphorylase kinase.
Phosphorylase kinase is activated upon phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA).

43. Glycogen phosphorylase is activated upon phosphorylation by phosphorylase kinase.
Phosphorylase kinase is activated upon phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA).
PKA is activated by cyclic AMP, which is produced by a G-protein in response to epinephrine/glucagon.

44. Fig 14-1

45. Key Enzyme: G6P Dehydrogenase
Defect in G6P dehydrogenase leads to malarial resistance but can trigger hemolytic anemia.

46. Regulation
G6P dehydrogenase is allosterically inhibited by NADPH; activated by NADP+