1. CHA3UB- European History
Welcome

2. Mr. R. Bergman richard.bergman@tldsb.on.ca http://rbergman.weebly.com
Office: 223
Prep: Period 4
CHC2DB x2

3. The IB Curriculum Unification of Italy(1815- 1861)
- Revolutions in Italy (and all of Europe)
- Piedmont-Sardinia
- Mazzini, Garibaldi, Cavour
- Austria
Unification of Germany ( )
- Revolutions in Prussia and the German States
- Economics/Zollverein
- Crimean War, Austro-Prussian War, Franco-Prussian War
- Bismarck, Kaiser Wilhelm I, II
- Bismarck…yep again

4. The IB Curriculum
Imperial Russia (hmmmm…more like I’ll will tell you why, just not now, because I don’t want to)
Russia- European? Asian? Or other?
Nicholas I, Alexander II, Alexander III
Serfs, Serfs and more Serfs
Crimean War
Mir
Assassination

5. The Course Breakdown Units of Study
Europe the Revolution created to The Congress of Vienna (1815)
Unification of Italy
Imperial Russia 1800s- 1905*
Unification of Germany

6. The Course Breakdown
Different than a regular stream class- content is extremely important (and that is the hard part)
Content- people and their actions, events, time periods, places, etc…
Follows a university style learning environment and expectations:
Lectures
Readings
Source analysis
Communicate conclusions- verbally and in written form
Independence…a lot of it

7. The Course Breakdown C. Assignments
Reading Questions/Assessments- completion and analysis
Essays- argumentative, supported by research (secondary)
Historical Investigation- within the context of this course- independent, process
Final Exam- essentially a practice for next years IB exam
Unit Tests- structured similar to IB papers 1, 2, and 3
*Participation
Not your typical high school class- assignments are rather consistent with very specific international expectations

8. The Course Breakdown
Communicate constantly- , text message, face to face (GASP) Read everything given to you- I know this will be tough- take notes of what you read Pay attention during lectures- TAKE NOTES- and then review the daily work as often as you have time for Make sure you are aware of the expectations of assignments- got some questions…ask

9. The Course Breakdown
This class is about learning how to do history within the context of a time period that is very important to our own
I cant make you do anything, nothing at all. Only you can make yourself work and read and prepare
Don’t be surprised to find yourself behind on things, it happens- but try not to

10. Europe 1815- 1890 (ish) Divide this period into 4 eras:
Post revolution Blues
Reaction and Peace
Revolution and Wars
Liberalism to Collectivism

11. Reaction and Peace
General peace (one period of upheaval 1830)
Belgian revolt and independence
Frequent and violent conflicts in the Balkans- weakness of the ruling Ottomans
Reaction- status quo- any upheavals were crushed by the states and the ruling powers- Repression was the order of the day
Prince Metternich

15. Revolutions and Wars
The calm was shattered by the “springtime of the peoples” 1848
The German states and France had large scale revolutions
Popular sentiment was for constitutions and/or national unity
Rapid economic growth- railways, liberal economics (free trade, minimal government intervention)
Order is restored throughout Europe, except for France
3 major European wars
Germany and Italy and created

19. Liberalism to Collectivism 1871- 1890
No wars again until is an artificial ending time
The era of Bismarck
This time period is more about the change in government policies throughout Europe and its impact on people
A change from liberal policies (focus on the rich middle class) to more collectivist (policies to help the common people)
Free trade change to customs/tariffs, protectionist policies
The original Great Depression
Fear of popular revolution (the communist spectre)
Age of imperialism

21. Where to begin?

22. What history is and is not
‘history’ and ‘the past’- we must learn to use them differently
History is a narrative text, written in the present, about the subject of the past, using evidence that the past has left behind
All history is an interpretation of the past and never the same thing as the past- we can and will never know the truth

23. What history is and is not
A process and a product- anyone can tell stories about the past that appear historical, but if the process used (methodology) is not historical then it is not history
History is made by historians- you are not one, neither am I- what is my purpose? What is yours? It is important to give historians the respect they deserve
History is plural…and needed
Donald Trump is not an historian
Justin Trudeau is not a historian
Kanye West is not a historian

24. And one more thing… We all have PERSPECTIVES We all have OPINIONS
We all have certain things we think we know are right
Try not to- if you do not have an open mind to discuss and be critical about people and their ideas (especially when you are a fan or you hate them) then you are not “getting” the idea of why history is important

25. Historical Problems
The epistemological (theory of knowledge) problems of history- there are 3
1. Finding the raw material (the sources)
2. Interpreting the evidence (the method)
3. Writing the history of text (the product)

26. Sources
The memory of the world is not a bright, shining crystal, but a heap of broken fragments, a few fine flashes of light that break through the darkness (H. Butterfield)
Social scientists observe participants- historians must deal with the inadequacies of the raw materials
“heap of broken fragments”
Most people who have ever lived and most events that have ever happened left no record (yikes…kind of existential)

27. Sources The records that do exist are often atypical or accidental
Some are left on purpose and therefore not representative
Some are source types that were never meant for future interpretation, accidental by-products of past events (remember tank man)
Evidence only speaks to historians indirectly
Therefore, sources will be interpreted in various ways…
And there is the essential problem for you and this course

28. Homework Be prepared to draw Europe today- the following are needed:
Germany
France
Austria
Britain
Italy
Russia
Poland
Spain