1. What is glucose to a plant?
What does it do?
Why is it important?

2. Two types of Respiration: Anaerobic Respiration and Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic = without oxygen
Aerobic = requires air (or with oxygen)

3. On a separate sheet of paper answer the following questions
How do plants get energy and matter for growth?
How is energy transferred from one form to another?
How do plants get their energy from light sources?
What are the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis?
Why does photosynthesis only occur in the chloroplasts?

4. Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic respiration: O2 NOT required
Glucose: pyruvate and small amount of ATP
ATP production ends glycolysis
Pyruvate is converted into other molecules (fermentation)
Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Fermentation/Lactate Net ATP =2
Citric acid cycle= Krebs cycle
Net ATP=36

5. Vocab
Fermentation: a cell has a short supply of oxygen (a body is running at full speed away from a lion ) will not use anaerobic respiration but will start fermentation
Fermentation extends glycolysis with extra reactions that replenish NAD+,
Keeps glycolysis running producing small amounts of ATP.

6. Two Types of Fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation
happens in bacteria, fungi, and animal cells.
an anaerobic fermentation reaction
In activities that require high amount of glucose to be consumed by our muscles (exercise),
energy is obtained from anaerobic metabolism of pyruvate and the by-product is lactate

7. Two Types of Fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation
When we exercise, the amount of lactate produced exceeds the rate at which the muscles can remove it
leads to an uncomfortable, burning sensation in the muscles, especially those of the arms and legs, and is not responsible for the muscle soreness experienced by the person the day after.
In fact, the burning sensation is just a warning sign that we are doing something that is a bit too hot to handle for our muscles.
Lactate
The terms "lactate" and "lactic acid" are often used interchangeably, but there is a difference:
lactic acid is an acid, which means it can release a hydrogen ion and bind with a positively charged sodium or potassium ion to form an acid salt.
lactate production is part of the way your muscles get fuel to keep working, and exercising at too high an intensity for too long will lead to the buildup of lactic acid, which will make your working muscles burn.

8. Two Types of Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
similar to lactic acid fermentation
Instead of the pyruvate being reduced to lactate, it is reduced to ethanol, and lets off two molecules of CO2 along the way
Used by: bacteria and yeast (yeast are fungi, btw).
Humans "use" alcohol fermentation in another way, by using it to make bread, beer and wine.

9. Anaerobic Respiration
No Oxygen
Glycolysis extended
Fermentation
Only 2 ATP produced

10. Similarities and differences to anaerobic and aerobic respiration

11. Biosynthesis ATP provides energy for biosynthesis reactions in cells
Biosynthesis reactions form larger, more complex molecules from less-complex molecules
Ex: starch from glucose
Biosynthesis helps organisms to grow and maintain their structure
Definition provided by definition bing.com
biological production of chemical substances: the synthesis of chemical substances as the result of biological activity

12. Biosynthesis and Breakdown
Metabolism: all chem. activities & changes that take place in the cell/organism
All chem rxns in a cell are 2 types:
Synthesis (biosynthesis): build up larger more complex molecules
Breakdown/decomposition (decomp) rxns: break down larger molecules into smaller

13. Examples of Biosynthesis and Breakdown
Build proteins from amino acids, which then build tissues, such as muscles and blood from proteins
Breakdown:
Cellular respiration, releases E & that E is provided from food

14. Importance of Food Provides E
Organic Molecules for making sugar, amino acids, other compounds (cmpds)
W/O Organ. Cmpnds cells could not repair or create new cells
Photosynthesis provides food for producers
How do heterotrophs get their food?

15. Digestion
Digestion: breaking dwn larger molecules into smaller, simpler molecules
Enzymes help break down of food
Found in mouth, stomach, small intestine
Speed up reactions
Final digestion occrs in sm. Intestine

16. Sandwich process through digestion
Contains:
Carbs, proteins, fats sugar, amino acids, fatty acids
These organic molecules then pass thru sm. Intest. Cell membrne to blood stream
From blood stream go into cells

17. Conversions Compounds Converted to Fats: Proteins:
3-C molecule and fatty acids- which enter Krebs
Amino acids

18. Whether a protein, carb, or fat, each organic molecule must be synthesized from the matter the organism takes in
Then it must be broken down so that the organisms can use the necessary organic molecules and energy

19. On a separate sheet of paper answer the following questions
How do plants get energy and matter for growth?
How is energy transferred from one form to another?
How do plants get their energy from light sources?
What are the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis?
Why does photosynthesis only occur in the chloroplasts?

27. Glucose is Plant Food
So the main output for the plant in photosynthesis is glucose.
Like making a sandwich for the plant.
What do you think cellular respiration would be?

28. Cellular respiration Eating? What happens when you eat?
Let’s revisit your inputs and outputs for cellular respiration.

29. Inputs out puts of cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
Inputs
Outputs
Cellular Respiration
cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed resulting in a net transfer of energy

30. Lets make a diagram Cellular Respiration inputs inputs inputs outputs
Label all the inputs at the top of your diagram
Label all the out puts at the bottom of your diagram
inputs
inputs
inputs
Cellular Respiration
outputs
outputs
outputs

31. Cellular Respiration? Yup!
Occurs within all living things plants and animals
Is the process of breaking down glucose for energy
Wait didn’t we just make glucose in photosynthesis?
All that work we did and now we are going to break it down?
Yup!
Light Energy + 6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Look Familiar?
Photosynthesis equation.
C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
WHOA! Mind blown?
Cellular Respiration Equation

32. Biosynthesis and Breakdown
What is biosynthesis?
What are organic macromolecules?
What is glucose?
Building up smaller simpler molecules into more complex molecules
Building up smaller molecules into organic macromolecules and larger: example: amino acids built up to form proteins then built up to muscle)
Large carbon based molecule, examples: Carbohydrates, lipids…
Simple sugar or a carbohydrate

33. Biosynthesis and Breakdown
So what are we building up?
Photosynthesis:
Then what occurs?
What is Breakdown?
What would be an example of Breakdown?
Each plant and animal will experience, biosynthesis, breakdown, or both?
Taking in CO2, H2O, light E to BUILD UP a molecule of glucose
The Wrath of the Herbivores, OH THE HUMANITY!!!!!!
Breaking up of large, complex, molecules into smaller, simpler molecules
Cellular Respiration and digestion
Both, building up organic macromolecules, and then breaking them down through, cellular Respiration and digestion

35. Carbon Cycle

36. Carbon Cycle
Atmosphere
Plants
Food Chain
Fossil Fuels
Back into Atmosphere

37. Hydrologic Cycle

38. Hydrologic Cycle Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Runoff
Evapotranspiration
Sublimation
Infiltration