1. All about Enzymes

2. Enzymes & Metabolism
What is an enzyme? Proteins that serve as catalysts to speed up or slow down reactions, remain unchanged
What is metabolism? Sum of all the chemical processes within living things
What types of reactions are part of metabolism? Catabolism and Anabolism

3. The Basics
Catabolism -”breakdown” of large molecules into smaller units to release energy ex= polysaccharide > monosaccharide, protein > Amino Acid
Anabolism - "building up" organs and tissues, uses energy, ATP
Activation energy-a jump start
Cellular temperatures -
Enzymes act as biological catalysts-

4. Biochemical pathways
Processes in living orgs usually take place in steps
THAT’S A LOT OF ENZYMES!!!!!!

5. http://www. lewport. wnyric

6. So, what are enzymes anyway?
Proteins folded into a globular structure
Substrate - the reactant/s that the enzyme binds with to speed up the reaction
Active site - surface shape or cleft on the enzyme to which the substrate must fit like a lock and key
Enzymes are Substrate Specific

7. Catalytic cycle- catabolism - “breakdown”

8. Catalytic cycle - anabolism >”build up”

9. How do enzymes speed up reaction rate?
They lower the activation energy needed
Most enzyme reaction rates are millions of times faster than those of comparable uncatalyzed reactions

10. Physical environment may also affect reaction rate
Temperature pH
Competitive inhibitors

11. Denaturation - major change in protein or nucleic acid structure by application of some external stress example - cooking an egg, egg whites become more solid, protein denatured, solubility lost

12. Biological Feedback How cells control their Chemical reactions
Enzyme specificity
Biochemical Pathways
Several to many enzymes are placed side by side on membranes within cells, each enzyme completing one of the many steps to convert 1 substance into another. ("Assembly Line")

13. Biochemical Pathway - consist of a series of enzyme catalyzed chemical reactions. The product of each reaction in a pathway becomes the reactant of the next reaction in the pathway.