1. Thursday, January 26th Turn in the Contract Turn in Unit 1 Vocabulary.
Make sure you number your words or lose 10 pts.

2. Our Big Goal
ALL students will achieve at least an 85% mastery of each objective as measured by quizzes, unit assessments, and exams.
ALL students will score a 3, 4 or 5 on the Biology EOC.
You will learn to think, act, and work on a college level and will become more inquisitive and globally aware scientists.

3. Materials Needed by Monday
Required:
½ or 2” 3-Ring Binder for notes and assignments (with loose leaf paper)
Pen or Pencils
Interactive Notebook/Portfolio – I will provide this.
Optional: (you will receive college credits!)
Tissues
Glue sticks
Scissors
highlighters

4. School-Wide Rules No cell phones/ipods/ear phones – NO warning
No cursing
No talking when teacher or student is talking
NO FOOD OR DRINK
No Sleeping
No Cheating
Remain in your seat and work until the bell rings.
Bathroom 2x/week

5. Observation vs. Inference

6. Observation
Definition: describing something you are studying, using only facts that you can see, touch, hear or smell. An observation is not an opinion.

7. Inference
Inference: using your observations to make a guess about an object or an outcome.

8. Think you’ve got it?! We can OBSERVE that the turtle is on the stump.
We can OBSERVE that the stump is too high for the turtle to climb on.
We can INFER that someone put the turtle on the stump.
We can __________________that someone is smiling.
We can _______________that they are happy.
We can __________that a student is writing down their homework.
We can __________that they are a successful student.

9. The Scientific Method

10. The Scientific Method
An organized way to solve a problem through experimentation & observation.

11. The 6 Steps of the Scientific Method

12. Example: Mouthwash kills bacteria. Which brand works best?
1. State the Problem
Form a question about a specific event
Example: Mouthwash kills bacteria. Which brand works best?

13. 2. Collect Background Information
Research the problem
Example:
Read the labels of types of mouthwash
Which has the most antiseptic (germ-killing) ingredients.

14. 3. Form a hypothesis
Make a testable educated prediction based on your research.
A hypothesis can be recognized by an “if, then” statement.
Example: IF Listerine has more antiseptic ingredients than Crest or the Wal-Mart brand, THEN it will kill more bacteria.

15. 4. Design an Experiment Create a way to test your hypothesis. Create a
CONTROLLED
experiment.

16. A controlled experiment MUST have 2 groups.
CONTROL GROUP: all conditions remain the SAME! It is a group you do not do anything to.
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP: a group or many groups who you test.
The experiment is performed on this group.

17. Establish the variables for your experiment.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: the variable that you change or manipulate (X axis for graphing)
DEPENDENT VARIABLE: the change or result that happens when the independent variable is used (Y axis for graphing)

18. Mouthwash Experiment Control Group -no mouthwash Experimental Group
Petri dish
Bacteria grown from swab
Listerine
Experimental Group
Crest Brand
Wal-Mart brand

19. Type of Mouthwash Mouthwash Experiment Amount of bacteria killed
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE:
Type of Mouthwash
DEPENDENT VARIABLE:
Amount of bacteria killed

20. Run the experiment & document the data
5. Collect & Analyze Data
Run the experiment & document the data

21. 2 Types of Data
QUANTITATIVE: numerical data, deals with specific quantities, usually in the form of a graph or chart
QUALITATIVE: descriptive data, describes how something looks, smells, sounds, or feels; deals with qualities

22. QUANITATIVE EX: Area of Inhibition for Mouthwash Brands
QUALITATIVE EX: The control group and the Wal-Mart brand have a strong smell; the Listerine & Scope don’t smell as bad.
QUANITATIVE EX: Area of Inhibition for Mouthwash Brands
Control
Listerine
Scope
Wal-Mart
5 min
0 mm
3 mm
2 mm
1 mm
10 min
4 mm
15 min
6 mm
5 mm
20 min
8 mm

23. 6. Draw Conclusions
Determine from the data collected if the hypothesis was correct or incorrect
EX: Listerine did kill more bacteria than the other brands because it had more antiseptic ingredients.

24. Check Point 1
1. Which step of the scientific method is used to develop a hypothesis?
2. Which step is an educated prediction about the outcome of the experiment?
3. List the Six Steps of the Scientific Method (in order): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

25. Scientific Method Manipulatives
With your partner:
Match the step with the definition and example
STEP DEFINITION EXAMPLE

26. Check Point 2

27. Stations
You will be rotating around to 3 different stations

28. Exit Ticket List the SIX steps of the Scientific Method in order.
Why is the control group important?

29. Class Experiment
You will be designing an experiment to help you to better understand the scientific method.
Break up into groups (of 2-3 members) and design an experiment to investigate any testable hypothesis.
Choose only one variable to manipulate.
You will must work through all of the steps of the scientific method:
ask a question
develop a hypothesis
state the objectives of your experiment
design your experiment (list materials that you will use, and outline your procedure in detail, determine what data you will collect)
analyze your data
draw a conclusion (was your hypothesis supported or not?) .

30. Scientific Method Vocabulary
Observation- the act of observing (touch, taste, smell, feel, see, etc.)
Inference- a quick conclusion that attempts to explain an observation
Prediction- to forecast; to guess the outcome of a situation beforehand
Analysis- to separate or break apart into smaller sections for study

31. Scientific Method Vocabulary
Conclusion- to close or bring to an end; to accept or reject a hypothesis in an experiment
Data- recorded observations or measurements
Hypothesis- a tentative explanation that accounts for a set of facts & that can be tested by further investigation

32. Scientific Method Vocabulary
Controlled Experiment- an experiment in which all variables except the ONE being tested are identical in order to make the experiment fair & the results reliable
Variable- any factor in an experiment that could affect the results & is therefore tested separately

33. Scientific Method Vocabulary
Controlled Variable- a variable that is not changed
Independent Variable – a variable that you purposely manipulate (manipulated variable)
Dependent Variable- the variable being observed that changes in response to the independent variable (responding variable)

34. Scientific Method Vocabulary
Quantitative Data- data that involves numbers or measurement usually in the form of a chart or graph
Qualitative Data- anecdotal or descriptive data that does NOT involve numbers or measurement