1. New England Colonies BELL RINGER:
Read the quote about Squanto on page 92. Why might the colonists need help?
Why might the Native Americans want to help the colonists?
New England Colonies
Chapter 3, Section 2

2. Key Terms
Pilgrims – group that rejected the Church of England, sailed to America, and founded the Plymouth Colony in 1620
Mayflower Compact – an agreement established by the men who sailed to America on the Mayflower, which called for laws for the good of the colony and set forth the idea of self-government
Puritans – group from England that settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 and sought to reform the practices of the Church of England
Great Migration – the movement of Puritans from England to establish settlements around the world, including 20,000 who sailed for America
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – a set of laws that were established in 1639 by a Puritan congregation who had settled in the Connecticut Valley and that expanded the idea of representative government
Roger Williams – founded the colony of Rhode Island
Anne Hutchinson – believed that a person could worship God without the help of a church, minister, or Bible. Conducted discussions in her home that challenged church authority. Forced to leave MA; fled to RI.
King Philip’s War – a war between the Puritan colonies and Native Americans in

3. How did religious beliefs and dissent influence the New England colonies?
Religion played a key role in colonies that were established in New England.
Many colonies were established by people who were exiled because of their religious beliefs.

4. The Voyage of the Mayflower
King Henry VIII
Established Church of England
1. Why did the Separatists decide to leave Europe for America?
They thought the Church of England was too much like the Catholic Church
Who were the Pilgrims?
A Separatist group
King James attacked them for rejecting the church
They initially fled to Holland, but didn’t like it
They received a charter from the VA Company to settle in the Americas

5. The Voyage of the Mayflower
Why did the men aboard the Mayflower create and sign the Mayflower Compact?
The Pilgrims landed outside the limits of the VA Company, so their charter did not apply
The men created the Compact to keep order and obey laws for the good of the colony
Helped establish the idea of self-government and majority rule

6. The Pilgrims Found Plymouth
Like early settlers at Jamestown, Pilgrims at Plymouth endured a starving time
How did Samoset (Pemaquid) and Squanto (Pawtuxet) help the Pilgrims?
Helped negotiate a peace treaty
Showed them how to plant, hunt, and fish
2. Why do you think Squanto was so helpful to the Pilgrims?
Perhaps because his tribe died out, Squanto wished to make himself useful to others.
He may have wanted to see peaceful relations between the Native Americans and settlers.

7. The Pilgrims Found Plymouth
3. What did the first Thanksgiving symbolize for the Pilgrims?
The peace that existed at that time between the Native Americans and Pilgrims

8. A group known as the Puritans wanted to reform the Church of England.
In the early 1600s, the Puritans were respected professionals who were influential in England.
But in the 1620s, King Charles I opposed and persecuted the Puritans.
Leads to the Great Migration.

9. The Puritans Come to Massachusetts Bay
4. Why did the Puritans decide to leave England in the 1630s?
To escape bad treatment by King James I
How were the Puritans different from the Separatists?
Puritans wanted to reform or “purify” the church
Separatists wanted to break away
5. How was the Puritans’ colonial experience different from that of the Jamestown settlers?
Puritans were well-prepared and did not suffer a starving time
*Who was John Winthrop?
Colony’s Puritan governor
Wanted the colony to be a commonwealth

10. The Puritans Come to Massachusetts Bay
6. What is a commonwealth?
A community in which people work together for the good of the whole
Basic unit is the congregation (group of people who belong to the same church)
Meetinghouse was the most important building
Town meetings held here (self-government)
Only male church members could vote or hold office
Elected representatives to the General Court
7. What was the New England Way?
Describes the Puritan beliefs and society
Duty, godliness, hard work, and honesty
What kind of behavior was discouraged? Why?

11. Although they founded their own colony so they could have religious freedom, the Puritans did not believe in religious toleration for others.
Religious Toleration
Disagreements about religion led to the founding of other colonies in New England.

12. Challenges to Puritan Leaders
8. Why did some individuals and groups challenge Puritan leaders?
Not everyone agreed with the New England Way

13. Providence, Rhode Island
Roger Williams
Providence, Rhode Island
Beginnings
Minister Roger Williams thought the Puritans should split entirely from the Church of England.
He also thought colonists should pay Native Americans for their land.
In 1635, Williams was expelled from Massachusetts Bay.
The Colony
Williams moved to present-day Rhode Island, bought land from Native Americans, and founded Providence in

14. Religious Freedom in Providence
Rhode Island
Religious Freedom in Providence
Charter
In 1644, the colonists in Rhode Island received a charter from the king to govern themselves.
All Were Welcome
The colonists decided that Rhode Island would have no established church.
Many people found religious freedom in Rhode Island, including followers of the Jewish faith.
9. How did Rhode Island differ from the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
Guaranteed religious freedom
Separation of church and state

15. Hutchinson’s Settlement
Anne Hutchinson
Hutchinson’s Settlement
Beginnings
Boston resident Anne Hutchinson questioned some Puritan teachings.
She was expelled from Massachusetts in
The Settlement
Hutchinson established a settlement on an island that is part of present-day Rhode Island.

16. Thomas Hooker Hartford, Connecticut Beginnings
Thomas Hooker, who disagreed with Puritan leaders, left Massachusetts with 100 followers in 1636.
The Colony
They settled in present-day Connecticut, where Hooker founded the town of Hartford.
Hundreds of Puritans followed, and soon there were new settlements.
Government
In 1639, the colonists established a new elected legislature and governor.
In 1662, the king granted Connecticut a charter that made it self-governing.

17. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Extended voting rights to non-church members
Limited powers of government
Expanded idea of representative government

18. John Wheelwright Exeter, New Hampshire Beginnings
John Wheelwright was expelled from Massachusetts because he agreed with some of Hutchinson’s views.
The Colony
In 1638, Wheelwright and some followers founded the town of Exeter, New Hampshire.
Government
In 1680, a charter from the king made New Hampshire a separate colony.

19. Challenges to Puritan Leaders
Quakers
10. What beliefs and practices set the Quakers apart from the Puritans?
They believed that each person could know God directly through an “inner light”
Neither ministers nor the Bible were needed
Believed in treating Native Americans fairly
11. Why is it odd that the Puritans persecuted certain individuals and groups for their religious beliefs?
The Puritans themselves had been persecuted in England for their beliefs.

20. While the colonies prospered, Native Americans in New England struggled.
By 1670, there were only 12,000 Native Americans in New England, one-tenth of their population 100 years earlier.
The main cause of this decline was diseases Native Americans caught from Europeans.

21. King Philip’s War
12. How did Native Americans and Europeans differ in their views of land ownership?
Europeans – land could be owned by individuals
Native Americans – land belonged to everyone

22. In 1675, a major conflict erupted between Native American groups led by Metacom and the Puritans.
During the conflict, which was called King Philip’s War, Metacom and his allies destroyed 12 English towns.
After Metacom was killed in 1676, the war ended, leaving the English free to expand.

23. King Philip’s War ( )
What were some of the causes of King Philip’s War?
Land ownership
Religion
Increase in European population
13. What was the outcome of King Philip’s War?
The Wampanoag lost – many were killed, while others were sold into slavery in the West Indies
Those left lost their land and forced to become laborers.
English expanded their territory

24. 14. Was there a greater loss of life among the settlers or the Native Americans?

25. The Salem Witchcraft Trials
15. What role did the clergy play in the Salem witchcraft trials?
They viewed the Salem witch hunts and trials as a sign from God for the village to return to a strict Puritan lifestyle
16. What were the results of the witchcraft trials?
More than 100 people were arrested and tried
Of those, 20 were found guilty and put to death
Showed how a society can create scapegoats for its problems

26. The Salem Witchcraft Trials
Look at the picture in your textbook or below.
How accurately do you think the painting shows the strong emotions in the courtroom?
The scene is chaotic
People are fainting, pointing their fingers at the accused, or being restrained by guards or soldiers
The judge is standing, as if to demand order or show his concern

27. By the 1670s, a new generation of people had been born in North America.
This new generation had lost some of the older Puritans’ religious fervor. $
Successful merchants were becoming the new community leaders.