1. World Meteorological Organization
WMO is the United Nations' authoritative voice on weather, climate and water

2. World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
United Nations Specialized Agency for meteorology, climate, operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences
United Nations system’s authoritative voice on the state and behaviour of the Earth’s atmosphere and its interaction with the oceans, as well as on climate and the distribution of water resources
Established on 23 March 1950; direct successor to the International Meteorological Organization founded in 1873
Comprises 188 Members: 182 States and six territories
9/19/2018Montréal
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3. Aviation and the Environment
Global Climate Change: a reality, but more research will be needed to fully understand all the consequences for individual areas
Local Air Quality: All apects of NOx, PM10, PM2, aerosols, ozone, CO need addressing
- Aircraft only part of the problem, but some cities approaching limits
9/19/2018Montréal
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4. Climate Change – what next?
Climate change is more than « Global Warming »
Public perception has changed dramatically
Aviation contributing more than CO2
NOx, Cirrus effect different time scale
Operational measures need to include optimized use of meteorological information
Upper winds and temperatures
Terminal aerodrome optimization (holdings, corner posts, runway changes)
9/19/2018Montréal
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5. EU aviation emissions growing rapidly
9/19/2018Montréal
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6. Contrails and Cirrus
Moderate effect during daytime, larger warming during the night (no compensating reflection of short wave radiation)
+ Layers of high humidity are normally thin and could potentially be avoided
+ Less air traffic at night would allow avoidance without compromising RVSM
Need for more environmental monitoring by aircraft (AMDAR, IAGOS, MOZAIC)
9/19/2018Montréal
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7. 1901 to 1950 (black), 1951 to 1978 (blue) and 1979 to 2003 (red).
fewer more
fewer more
Frequency of occurrence of cold or warm temperatures for 202 global stations for 3 time periods:
1901 to 1950 (black), 1951 to 1978 (blue) and 1979 to 2003 (red).
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8. Extremes Increasing!
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9. Effects on Cryosphere
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10. Precipitation pattern
Precipitation increases very likely in high latitudes
Decreases likely in most subtropical land regions
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11. PROJECTIONS OF FUTURE CHANGES IN CLIMATE
Very likely that hot extremes, heat waves, and heavy precipitation events will continue to become more frequent
Likely that future tropical cyclones will become more intense, with larger peak wind speeds and more heavy precipitation
less confidence in decrease of total number
Extra-tropical storm tracks projected to move poleward with consequent changes in wind, precipitation, and temperature patterns
9/19/2018Montréal
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12. Migation of aviation impact:
Further improvements to wind & temp forecasts –reduced flight times!
Enhanced co-operation with ATC/ATM: (NGATS, SESAR….)
Co-operation with airports: Winter operations, runway flooding, lightning warnings,capacity forecasts, wake vortex
Increased environmental monitoring by aircraft
9/19/2018Montréal
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13. AMDAR Humidity Measurement
FWD
Skin
SEB
Hose, Non-Heated
Hose, Heated
Air Sampler
Air Sampler
Frame
9/19/2018Montréal
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14. Anticipated effects on Aviation (Demand side)
Tourism: Popular Destinations in Subtropics will suffer from droughts, sand-and duststorms
Winter tourism (skiing) will suffer from lack of reliable snow cover
Tropical Island destinations suffer from stronger cyclones, sea level rise
Cost to national economies of mitigating and compensating for climate change may affext free disposable income
9/19/2018Montréal
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15. Effects on Aviation Operations
Hot extremes: performance limitations on flights near max endurance
Tropical Cyclones: Damages to infrastructure, disruption of schedules, evacuation?
Intensity of storms and convection: severe disruption of apch/dept , blocking of flight levels, runway flooding, ,sand-and dust storms
9/19/2018Montréal
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16. Thanks for material:
Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report Presented by R.K. Pachauri, IPCC Chair and Bubu Jallow, WG 1 Vice Chair
Europe & Emission Trading
9/19/2018Montréal
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17. THANK YOUR FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
Note:Aviation induced Cirrus!
THANK YOUR FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
9/19/2018Montréal
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