1. First Aid Day VII Objectives
The Student will be able to assess and respond to Bites and Stings
The Student will be able to assess and respond to a Heart Attack
The Student will be able to assess and respond to Stroke
The Student will be able to assess and respond to Asthma Attacks
The Student will be able to assess and respond to Hyperventilation
The Student will be able to assess and respond to Fainting and Seizures
The Student will be able to assess and respond to Diabetic Emergencies
The Student will be able to assess and respond to emergencies during Pregnancy
SOLs: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.3c, 9.3d, 9.3e, 9.4a, 9.4b, 9.5a, 9.5c,9.5d, 9.5e

2. Bell Ringer # 7 Summertime Blues
Scenario #7
It is the middle of summer, Erin and Reba have decided to paint their house.  They put on the radio and their swimming suits, heading outside to paint.  When they are about finished with the first coat, Erin begins to feel faint.  Reba checks her pulse, finding it to be weak and fast, but her skin is sweaty, and cool.  What has happened to Erin, and what can be done to save her?
Describe what steps you would take to help Erin and why you would take these actions.

3. BITES AND STINGS Overview Examples of Bites and Stings
Not usually life-threatening but can be a source of disease transmission and infection
Examples of Bites and Stings
Human and Animal Bites
Snake Bites
Insect Stings
Spider Bites and Scorpion Stings
Embedded Ticks

4. Human and Animal Bites (COPY)
RESPOND:
Control Bleeding
Clean injury with soap and water
Seek medical attention for cleaning and vaccination

5. Snake Bites (COPY) Poisonous Snakes in the US Pit Vipers in VA
Copperheads
Rattlesnakes
Water Moccasin (cottonmouth)
Coral Snakes

6. Assess: Snake Bites (COPY)
Assess within 6 hours
Localized pain/burning
Swelling
Nausea
Sweating
Weakness

7. Respond: Snake Bites (COPY)
Monitor and Care
Get victim away from snake and keep them quiet and calm
Clean injury
Clean bitten area and bandage as you would a minor wound
Stabilize Injury
Stabilize the bitten area as you would a fracture
MINIMIZE MOVEMENT!!!!

8. Insect Stings (COPY) Signs of stings Localized pain Itching Swelling
Examples of stinging insects
Honeybee
Hornet
Yellow-jacket
Fire ant
Wasps

9. Respond: Insect Stings (COPY)
Clean injury:
Remove stinger and venom sac by scraping with a firm object and wash area with soap and water
Cool area:
Apply ice to slow absorption rate, relieve pain, and reduce swelling
Assist with Medication:
Hydrocortisone, pain medication or antihistamine, epinephrine if prescribed
Monitor for at least 30 minutes and activate EMS if a severe allergic reaction develops

10. Spiders and Scorpions (COPY)
Types of Poisonous spiders in the US
Brown Recluse
Black Widow
Tarantula
Signs and Symptoms
Itching and swelling
Localized pain
Possible nausea, vomiting, headache, or fever

11. Respond: Spiders and Scorpions (COPY)
Clean Injury
Soap and water
Rubbing alcohol
Cool Area
Apply ice
Monitor and Care
Seek medical attention if necessary

12. Embedded Ticks (COPY) No initial pain
Varies from small bump to extensive swelling
Fever, chills, or rashes may develop (Lime Disease)

13. Respond: Embedded Ticks (COPY)
Remove Tick and Clean Injury
Use tweezers to lift the tick straight off (close to skin)
Wash area with soap and water
Cool Area
Apply ice
Monitor and Care
Calamine lotion to relieve itching
Monitor victim for rashes, fever, muscle aches, and leg weakness for a month

14. SUDDEN ILLNESS (COPY) Overview
Apparent (illness) weakness that occurs without warning. Can be immediately life-threatening
Examples of Sudden Illness
Heart Attack
Stroke
Asthma Attack
Hyperventilation
Fainting and Seizures
Diabetic Emergency

15. Heart Attack (COPY)
Blood flow is interrupted and hart tissue begins to die

16. Assess: Heart Attack (COPY)
Persistent chest pain lasting more than 3 to 5 minutes
Chest pain that travels to the neck, jaw, or down the (left) arm
Nausea, dizziness, or extreme fatigue or weakness
Shortness of breath or trouble breathing
Sweating or cold sweat without fever
Angina happens when the heart muscle does not get as much blood (oxygen) as it needs

17. Respond: Heart Attack (COPY)
Call EMS
Help victim rest in a comfortable position and continue to monitor carefully
Provide 1 adult aspirin or 2-4 children’s chewable aspirin if possible
Assist with heart medication if applicable

18. Stroke (COPY) Disruption of blood supply to the brain Types of stroke
Blocked Vessel
Ruptured Vessel
Stroke is the leading cause of death and serious disability among Americans

19. Assess: Stroke (COPY) Facial Droop
Altered responsiveness and/or severe headache
Visual problems or dizziness
Speaking difficulties or slurred speech
Weakness or paralysis of one or more limbs

20. Respond: Stroke (COPY)
Call EMS Immediately
Can be the difference between recovery and disability
Monitor and Care
Check responsiveness
If unresponsive but breathing, place in recovery position
For treatment to be effective it must be administered in the first 3 hours!

21. Asthma (COPY)
Airway inflamed and breathing restricted

22. Asthma

23. Assess: Asthma (COPY) Shortness of breath Difficulty breathing
Wheezing
Rapid breathing
Bluish skin color

24. Respond: Asthma (COPY)
Assist with Medication
Monitor and Care
Keep victim in an upright position, leaning slightly forward for comfortable breathing

25. Hyperventilation (COPY)
Fast, deep breathing often associated with emotional stress

26. Assess: Hyperventilation (COPY)
Rapid, deep breathing
Dizziness
Numbness and tingling

27. Respond: Hyperventilation (COPY)
Monitor and Care
Calm victim
Encourage slow, regular breathing into cupped hands
Do NOT use a paper bag

28. Fainting and Seizures (COPY)
Decreased blood flow to the brain as a result of fright, anxiety, drugs, fatigue, heart rhythm disturbances, dehydration, or heat exhaustion.

29. Assess: Fainting and Seizures (COPY)
Dizziness
Visual impairment
Nausea
Pale skin
Sweating
Seizure
Abnormal stimulation of brain

30. Respond: Fainting and Seizures (COPY)
Monitor and Care
Fainting
Place victim on back and elevate legs 6-12 inches
Seek medical care if condition doesn’t improve quickly
Seizures
Protect victim from injury
Place victim on side
Call EMS

31. Diabetic Emergencies (COPY)
Body fails to produce enough insulin that converts carbohydrates to energy for body cells. Cells are deprived of energy and sugar builds up in the blood.
Hypoglycemia is the most common
Low blood sugar
Hyperglycemia
High blood sugar

32. Assess: Diabetic Emergencies (COPY)
Poor coordination
Pale skin
Confusion/disorientation
Sudden hunger
Excessive sweating
Unresponsiveness

33. Respond: Diabetic Emergencies (COPY)
Provide fluids
If victim is conscious enough to swallow
Sugar if victim is a know diabetic
Monitor and Care
Call EMS is symptoms don’t improve

34. Emergencies During Pregnancy (COPY)
Transport immediately if:
Vaginal bleeding
Cramps in lower abdomen
Swelling of face or fingers
Severe, continuous headache
Dizziness or fainting
Blurring of vision or seeing spots
Uncontrollable vomiting