1. Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Module 31
Anxiety and Mood Disorders

2. Module Overview Anxiety Disorders Mood Disorders
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3. Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

4. Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety: a vague feeling of apprehension or nervousness.
Anxiety disorder: where anxiety begins to take control and dominate a person’s life

5. Types of Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorders are divided into:
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Panic Disorder
Phobia
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

6. Anxiety Disorders

7. Anxiety Disorder: Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

8. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
An anxiety disorder characterized by disruptive levels of persistent, unexplained feelings of apprehension and tenseness.

9. Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety
Must have at least three of the following:
Restlessness
Feeling on edge
Difficulty concentrating/mind going blank
Irritability
Muscle Tension
Sleep Disturbance

10. Panic Disorder
An anxiety disorder characterized by sudden bouts of intense, unexplained anxiety, often associated with physical symptoms like choking sensations or shortness of breath.
Panic attacks may happen several times a day

11. Anxiety Disorders: Phobia
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

12. Phobia
An anxiety disorder characterized by disruptive, irrational fears of objects, activities or situations.
The fear must be both irrational and disruptive.

13. Phobias

14. Social Phobia Phobias which produce fear in social situations
Fear of speaking in public

15. Agoraphobia
Fear of situations the person views as difficult to escape from
Fear of leaving one’s home or room in the house

16. Anxiety Disorders: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

17. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted, repetitive thoughts and actions.

18. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Obsessions – repetitive thoughts
Compulsions – repetitive actions
The obsessions/compulsions begin to take control of the person’s life.

20. Anxiety Disorders: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

21. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
An anxiety disorder characterized by reliving a severely upsetting event in unwanted recurring memories and dreams.
PTSD and 9/11

22. Anxiety Disorders: Causes of Anxiety Disorders
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

23. Biological Factors
Hereditary factors may result in a predisposition for developing anxiety disorders
Brain functions appear to be different in an anxiety disorder patient
Evolutionary factors may lead to anxiety disorders.

24. The Brain and OCD

25. Learning Factors
Through classical conditioning people may associate fear with an object.
Observational learning--watching another experiencing fearfulness--may result in developing fear.
Fear of an object may be reinforced when by avoiding the feared objects.

26. Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

27. Mood Disorders
Classification of disorders where there is a disturbance in the person’s emotions
Major types of mood disorders include:
Major Depressive Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Dysthymic Disorder

28. Mood Disorders

29. Mania
Period of abnormally high emotion and activity

30. Depression
Extended period of feeling sad, listless, and drained of energy

31. Mood Disorders: Major Depressive Disorder
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

32. Major Depressive Disorder
A mood disorder in which a person, for no apparent reason, experiences at least two weeks of
depressed moods,
diminished interest in activities, and
other symptoms, such as feelings of worthlessness.

33. Major Depressive Disorder
Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day
Little interest or pleasure in almost all activities
Significant changes in weight or appetite
Sleeping more or less than usually
Agitated or decreased level of activity
Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt
Diminished ability to think or concentrate
Recurrent thoughts or death or suicide

34. Mood Disorder: Bipolar Disorder
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

35. Bipolar Disorder A mood disorder,
(formerly called manic-depressive disorder)
in which the person alternates between the hopelessness of depression and the overexcited and unreasonably optimistic state of mania.
Many times will follow a cyclical pattern

36. Mood Disorder: Causes of Mood Disorders
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders

37. Biopolar Disorder PET Scans

38. Biological Factors Mood disorders have a hereditary nature to them.
Depressed individuals tend to have depressed brains.
PET scans indicate less activity during periods of depression.

39. Social-Cognitive Factors
Depression may be a variation of learned helplessness.
Depressed individuals attribute events using the following characteristics:
Stable: the bad situation will last for a long time
Internal: they are at fault
Global: all of life is bad

40. Determination of Mood

41. The End