1. The Lost Generation

2. Defined by:
the generation of young people who came of age during and shortly after World War I, also known as the WWI generation
the feeling of disillusionment of American writers living in Europe (especially Paris) during WWI to WWII

3. “That is what you are. That's what you all are
“That is what you are. That's what you all are... All of you young people who served in the war. You are a lost generation.” — Gertrude Stein
-In A Moveable Feast, Hemingway reveals that the phrase was actually originated by the garage owner who serviced Stein's car. When a young mechanic failed to repair the car in a way satisfactory to Stein, the owner shouted at her (in French): "You are all a generation perdu!”
-Stein, in telling Hemingway the story, solidified the phrase in the quote above. This generation included distinguished artists such as F. Scott Fitzgerald, T. S. Eliot, John Dos Passos, Waldo Peirce, Alan Seeger, and Erich Maria Remarque.
In A Moveable Feast, which was published after Hemingway and Stein were both dead and after a literary feud that lasted much of their life, Hemingway reveals that the phrase was actually originated by the garage owner who serviced Stein's car. When a young mechanic failed to repair the car in a way satisfactory to Stein, the owner shouted at her, "You are all a generation perdu."[1] Stein, in telling Hemingway the story, added, "That is what you are. That's what you all are... All of you young people who served in the war. You are a lost generation."[2] This generation included distinguished artists such as F. Scott Fitzgerald, T. S. Eliot, John Dos Passos, Waldo Peirce, Alan Seeger, and Erich Maria Remarque.

4. Modernism:
All of the writers/artists among the “lost generation” have also become synonymous with “Modernism”
Refers to the radical shift in aesthetic and cultural sensibilities evident in the art and literature of the post- World War One period.
Intellectuals and artists believed the previous generation’s way of doing things was culturally bankrupt, so one of the key characteristics of Modernist works was to completely break with tradition.
Long-held conventions would be replaced by elements such as:
- the “unreliable” narrator
- stream-of-consciousness
- the disruption of narrative coherence/plot
sequencing
- a preoccupation with the inner self
- alteration of what constitutes truth/reality
- Use of deceptive appearances to hide difficult truths
- Departure from frilly, ornamental language to a more direct style
Imagist:
A contingent of modernist poets (Ezra Pound, TS Elliott, ee cummings) known for:
-minimalist language
-a lessening of structural rules
-a direct, cold, almost mechanized
writing style
-poems often short, unrhymed
-line between poetry and prose
was often blurred
-no more preoccupations with
beauty and nature; subject matter
now limitless
It was to Hemingway that Stein coined the phrase "the lost generation" to describe the expatriate writers living abroad between the wars.
By 1913, Stein's support of cubist painters and her increasingly avant-garde writing caused a split with her brother Leo, who moved to Florence. Her first book, Three Lives, was published in She followed it with Tender Buttons in 1914.
Ulysses , a landmark work in which the episodes of Homer's Odyssey are paralleled in an array of contrasting literary styles, perhaps most prominently

5. F. Scott Fitzgerald Born September 24, 1896 in St. Paul, Minnesota.
Published This Side of Paradise on March 26, 1920, at 24 and became affluent almost overnight. A week later he married Zelda Sayre in New York.
Coined the term the Jazz Age
“It was an age of miracles, it was an age of art, it was an age of excess, and it was an age of satire,”
In , Paris: Fitzgerald met Ernest Hemingway, then unknown outside the expatriate literary circle.
Novels
This Side of Paradise (1920)
The Beautiful and Damned  (1922)
The Great Gatsby (1925)
Tender Is the Night (1934)
Short Story
Flappers and Philosophers (A Collection, 1920)
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (1921)
Tales of the Jazz Age (A Collection, 1922)
All the Sad Young Men (A Collection, 1926)

6. -As a social historian, Fitzgerald became identified with the Jazz Age, a term he coined in “Echoes of the Jazz Age.”
-Literary critics were reluctant to recognize Fitzgerald as a serious craftsman. His reputation as a drinker inspired the myth that he was an irresponsible writer; yet he was a painstaking reviser whose fiction went through layers of drafts.
-Fitzgerald’s clear, lyrical, colorful, witty style evoked the emotions associated with time and place. When critics objected to Fitzgerald’s concern with love and success, his response was: “But, my God! it was my material, and it was all I had to deal with.”
-The chief theme of Fitzgerald’s work is aspiration - the idealism he regarded as defining American character. Another major theme was mutability or loss.

7. Ernest Hemingway born on July 21, 1899 in Illinois.
Hemingway first went to Paris in WWI as an ambulance driver at age 18
November 1921, Hemingway went to Paris as a reporter where the whole of literature was being changed by the likes of Ezra Pound, James Joyce, Gertrude Stein and Ford Maddox Ford.
distinctive writing style had an enormous influence on 20th-century fiction. As a Modernist, he denounced ornamental language and was known for his sparse, blunt, utterly straight-forward writing style. He uses this ironically, however, as his characters often have hidden agendas.
1954 won the Nobel Prize in Literature, and died on July 2, 1961 of self inflicted gunshot wounds.
Witnessed a munitions factory explode and had to carry mutilated bodies and body parts to a makeshift morgue; it was an immediate and powerful initiation into the horrors of war
-Eventually the loyalist movement failed and the Franco led rebels won the war and installed a dictatorial government in the spring of Though his side lost the war Hemingway used his experiences there to write the novel For Whom the Bell Tolls, a play titled "The Fifth Column" and several short stories.
-After Hemingway began talking of suicide his Ketchum doctor agreed with Mary that they should seek expert help. He registered under the name of his personal doctor George Saviers and they began a medical program to try and repair his mental state. The Mayo Clinic’s treatment would ultimately lead to electro shock therapy. According to Jefferey Meyers Hemingway received "between 11 to 15 shock treatments that instead of helping him most certainly hastened his demise." One of the sad side effects of shock therapy is the loss of memory, and for Hemingway it was a catastrophic loss. Without his memory he could no longer write, could no longer recall the facts and images he required to create his art. Writing, which had already become difficult was now nearly impossible.
Hemingway spent the first half of 1961 fighting his depression and paranoia, seeing enemies at every turn and threatening suicide on several more occasions. On the morning of July 2, 1961 Hemingway rose early, as he had his entire adult life, selected a shotgun from a closet in the basement, went upstairs to a spot near the entrance-way of the house and shot himself in the head. It was little more than two weeks until his 62nd birthday.
( (1926) The Sun Also Rises
(1929) A Farewell to Arms
(1936) The Snows of Kilamanjaro
(1940) For Whom the Bell Tolls
( (1952) The Old Man and the Sea

8. Stream of Consciousness Writers… Gertrude Stein
In 1903, Stein moved to Paris with her brother Leo and her partner Alice B. Toklas and stayed for 30 years
27 rue de Fleurus, soon became gathering spot for many young artists and writers including Henri Matisse, Ezra Pound, Pablo Picasso, Max Jacob, and Guillaume Apollinaire.
Was a passionate advocate for the "new" in art, her literary friendships grew to include writers as diverse as William Carlos Williams, F. Scott Fitzgerald, James Joyce, and Ernest Hemingway.
Along with Joyce, known for her use of “stream-of-consciousness” writing technique.
By 1913, Stein's support of cubist painters and her increasingly avant-garde writing caused a split with her brother Leo.
It was to Hemingway that Stein coined the phrase "the lost generation" to describe the expatriate writers living abroad between the wars.
By 1913, Stein's support of cubist painters and her increasingly avant-garde writing caused a split with her brother Leo, who moved to Florence. Her first book, Three Lives, was published in She followed it with Tender Buttons in 1914.
Ulysses , a landmark work in which the episodes of Homer's Odyssey are paralleled in an array of contrasting literary styles, perhaps most prominently

9. IMPACT
As American customs became more defined, European and other countries recognized America as a distinctive culture and nation. Beyond this, the works of the Lost Generation give insight into the American life during the 1920s. They unmask the general depression behind the forced exuberance of the Jazz Age.