1. Dissolving
Part II: Dissociating / Ionizing

2. OUTCOME QUESTION(S): C11-4-03 DISSOVING PROCESS Vocabulary & Concepts
Describe and give examples of various types of solutions.
Include: suspension, emulsion, colloid, alloy, solute,
solvent, soluble, insoluble, miscible, immiscible
Describe the chemical structure of compounds in terms of electronegativity and polarity of bonds.
Include: polar and non-polar
Explain the solution process of simple ionic and covalent compounds, using visual, particulate representation and chemical equations
Include: hydration, heat of solution, dissolve, dissociate
Vocabulary & Concepts 
Ionize Electrolyte Non-electrolyte

3. **The general dissolving rule is like dissolves like.**
Dissociating: when ionic compounds separate into ions during dissolving. Cl - Na +
Think of dissociating as “dissolving part 2”
Ionizing: when very polar covalent compounds separate into ions during dissolving. δ- Cl
Most polar compounds DO NOT ionize – ionization typically releases hydrogen ions δ+ H

4. All ionic bonds will dissociate when dissolving
Case 1: Polar solvent with Ionic solute H O δ- δ+
DISSOCIATE H O δ- δ+ H O δ- δ+ √ H O δ- δ+ - Cl Cl - Na + + Na
All ionic bonds will dissociate when dissolving
Attractive Force

5. Ionizing typically occurs with acids
Case 2: Polar solvent with very Polar solute H O δ- δ+
IONIZE H O δ- δ+ H O δ- δ+ √ H O δ- δ+ δ- Cl Cl δ- H δ+ δ+ H
Attractive Force
Ionizing typically occurs with acids

6. X Case 3: Polar solvent with Polar solute IONIZEδ- δ+ H O δ- δ+ H O δ- δ+
IONIZE X H O δ- δ+ H O C δ- δ+ H O C δ- δ+
Polar enough to dissolve as whole molecules, NOT polar enough to ionize
Attractive Force

7. Ions in solution can conduct an electric current
Electrolyte:
Ions in solution can conduct an electric current
If it dissociates /ionizes it creates electrolytes
*The more soluble a solute is, the more electrolytes produced, the stronger the current*
Non-polar and weakly polar compounds are non-electrolytes
Identifying very polar compounds that ionize (electrolytes):
Molecular compounds with isolated H atoms at the beginning or end of formula separate into ions
CH3COOH HNO HF

8. ions conduct electricity
Sugar is polar enough to dissolve, NOT polar enough to ionize
Electrolytes
ions conduct electricity

9. The dissociation or ionization of a substance in water can be shown using chemical equations.
dissociate
NaCl(s) Na+(aq) + Cl–(aq)
electrolytes
dissolve
C11H22O11(s) C11H22O11(aq)
non-electrolyte
ionize
CH3COOH CH3COO-(aq) + H+(aq)
electrolytes
Will it dissolve (ionic or polar)?
- use the (aq) notation to show dissolving
2. Will it dissociate (ionic or “special” H)?
3. Write the balanced equation
- ion charges MUST BE included!

10. Al+3 SO4-2 Al2(SO4)3 (s) 2 Al+3 + SO4-2 (aq) 3 (aq)
Write the equation for aluminum sulphate in water.
metal
polyatomic ion
Al SO4-2
Al2(SO4)3 (s) 2
Al SO4-2
(aq) 3
(aq)
Notice that the ions used to build the compound are the same that it dissociates into
Will it dissolve (ionic or polar)?
- use the (aq) notation to show dissolving
2. Will it dissociate (ionic or “special” H)?
3. Write the balanced equation
- ion charges MUST BE included!

11. CAN YOU / HAVE YOU? C11-4-03 DISSOVING PROCESS Vocabulary & Concepts
Describe and give examples of various types of solutions.
Include: suspension, emulsion, colloid, alloy, solute,
solvent, soluble, insoluble, miscible, immiscible
Describe the chemical structure of compounds in terms of electronegativity and polarity of bonds.
Include: polar and non-polar
Explain the solution process of simple ionic and covalent compounds, using visual, particulate representation and chemical equations
Include: hydration, heat of solution, dissolve, dissociate
Vocabulary & Concepts 
Ionize Electrolyte Non-electrolyte