1. States, Properties, Changes, and Conservation
MATTER
States, Properties, Changes, and Conservation

2. Matter
Anything that has mass and volume

3. States of Matter

4. Changes in States of Matter
Evaporation
Condensation

5. Properties of Matter
Physical Property – observed without changing the identity of the substance
Density
Color
Melting point
Chemical Property – cannot be observed without changing the identity of the substance
Flammability

6. Changes in Matter
Physical Changes – do not alter the identity of the substance
Crushing
Tearing
Melting
Chemical Changes – alter the identity of the substance
Burning
Rusting
Cooking

7. Identifying Chemical Changes
Color Change
Heat production/ removal
Gas formation
Bubbles
Change in smell/odor
Precipitation

8. Conservation of Matter
Law of Conservation of Mass – matter, like energy, is neither created nor destroyed in any process
Lavoisier proved that total mass does not change during any chemical reaction

9. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

10. Elements
An element is a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by a chemical change.
Named after scientists, countries, states, planets
Chemical symbols or abbreviations
Periodic Table of ELEMENTS
May be monoatomic, diatomic, or triatomic

11. Odd Abbreviations Au – gold Fe – iron Pb – lead Hg – mercury
K – potassium
Ag – silver
Na – sodium
Sn – tin
W – tungsten

12. Compounds
A compound is a substance that contains two or more elements.
Rust is caused by a reaction between iron and oxygen to form iron oxide
4 Fe + 3 O2  2 Fe2O3

13. Distinguishing between Elements and Compounds
Both are pure substances
Unique chemical and physical properties
Compounds = two or more different elements

14. Mixtures A mixture is a blend of two or more pure substances
Heterogeneous – visibly different parts
Homogeneous – no visibly different parts

15. Separation Techniques
Filtration
Distillation
Crystallization
Chromotography

16. Filtration

17. Distillation

18. Crystallization

19. Chromotography

20. Assignment
Write an essay explaining the four methods of separation. Include the pros and cons of each method. Indicate for which type of mixtures each method is best.