1. Animal cells and systems Chapter 3
white blood cell
red blood cell
cheek cells
sperm
nerve cell
muscle cell
Amoeba
Paramecium

2. Levels of organization
Cells are grouped together and work as a whole to perform special functions

3. Tissue Categories
Def- Group of cells that work together to perform a specific function
Categories
Connective tissue
Epithelial tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue

4. Connective tissue Composed of both cells and exogenous matrix material
Usually holds other tissues together
Includes osseous tissue (bone) and blood
Displays a variety of appearances

5. Connective tissues

6. More Connective Tissues

7. Epithelial Tissue Covers surfaces and lines cavities Protect, secrete
3 major shapes
Squamous- flat
Cuboidal
Columnar
Major arrangements
Simple
Stratified
Pseudostratified
Basal membrane

8. Epithilial Tissue Types

9. Muscle Tissue Contractile tissue
Contains protein fibers that mediate movement
3 major types
Cardiac
Skeletal
Smooth

10. Cardiac Muscle Tissue Found only in the heart Striations
Intercalated discs
Branched arangement
Automaticity

11. Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Moves bones
Striations
Peripheral nuclei
Elongated cells
Parallel arrangment

12. Smooth Muscle Tissue Involuntary movement of soft tissues Non-striated
Arteries
Intestines
Bladder
Non-striated
Spindle shaped

13. Nervous Tissue Neurons Glial cells display an action potential
Elongated, 3 parts
Dendrite, soma, axon
Transmit impulses
Glial cells
Support neurons
Some insulate neurons

14. Nervous tissue

15. Summary
Tissues are groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function
Tissues come in a wide variety of types
Each type has characteristics that allow its identification
The colors seen in tissue samples are artificial and due to the staining technique used. Identification must be made based on more consistent characteristics

16. FOUR TYPES OF ANIMAL TISSUES

17. Surface Feature of Cells
Tissue Type
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
Cell Shape
Flattened, cuboidal, columnar
Irregular or round
Elongated
Cell appendages branched
Cell Arrangement
Single  multilayered
Scattered in matrix
In sheets or bundles
Isolated or networked
Location
Body covering or lining organs or cavities
Supports other organs
Lining internal organs, make skeletal muscles
Concentrated in brain and spinal cord + all over the body
Surface Feature of Cells
Cilia, microvilli -
Matrix Type
Basement membrane
Varied – protein fibers + liquid, gelatinous, firm to calcified
Matrix Amount
Minimal
Extensive
Absent
Unique Feature
No direct blood supply, except for glands
Cartilage has no blood supply
Can generate electrical signals, force and movement
Can generate electrical signal

18. Organ
Different tissues group together to carry out specialized functions
Heart : consists of muscles, nervous tissue and blood vessels
Leaf : consists of epidermis, mesophyll and vascular tissue

19. The Structures of a Heart (Animal Organ)

20. System
Several organs and tissues work together to carry out a particular set of functions in a co-ordinated way
Human : digestive, respiratory, excretory, circulatory and reproductive systems
Plant : root and shoot systems

21. Human Body Systems Examples of systems : Digestive System
Respiratory System
Circulatory System
Nervous System
Reproductive System

22. Examples of a Human Body System

23. Examples of a Human Body System

24. Examples of a Human Body System
Circulatory System

25. Examples of a Human Body System
Nervous System

26. Levels of Organization
CELLS (muscle cells,nerve cells)
TISSUES (muscle, epithelium)
ORGANS (heart, lungs, stomach)
SYSTEMS (circulatory system)
ORGANISM (human)