2. INTESTINE SMALL INTESTINE LARGE INTESTINE Split up intestine functions
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006

3. SMALL INTESTINE Bile/trypsin added Finish digesting Absorb nutrients
VILLI-increase surface area for
more absorption
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006

4. LARGE INTESTINE Removes water from feces Collects/concentrates
digestive waste
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006

5. SMALL INTESTINE DUODENUM- Add bile/trypsin Finish digestion ILEUM-
Absorb nutrients
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006

6. CLOACA Shared collecting space for DIGESTIVE EXCRETORY REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEMS
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006

7. STOMACH What’s for lunch? Cut open your stomach
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006

8. STOMACH RUGAE- Rough folds inside stomach allow expansion
help to break down food
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006

9. SPLEEN BLOOD CELL FACTORY Makes, stores, processes worn out
red blood cells
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006

10. 10 Body Systems : ___________ __________ _____________ EXCRETORY
___________________
Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells
Nitrogen waste has different chemical forms:
___________ __________ _____________
MOST TOXIC made from LEAST TOXIC ammonia by needs the least liver water to dilute
FISH HUMANS BIRDS, REPTILES
AMPHIBIANS
EXCRETORY
AMMONIA
UREA
URIC ACID

11. ALL WASTE is NOT THE SAME!
DIGESTIVE waste- left over from undigested food travels through digestive system
leaves through digestive system as feces
EXCRETORY waste- (Also called NITROGEN WASTE) made by cells from break down of proteins
travels through blood stream
leaves through excretory system as
ammonia, urea, or uric acid

12. KIDNEYS-
Remove nitrogen waste from blood and dilute it with water to make urine;
Osmoregulation
Adult frogs excrete as UREA TO CONSERVE WATER
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006

13. URINARY BLADDER STORES URINE MADE BY KIDNEYS LARVAE (Tadpoles)
Excrete AMMONIA like fish
Adult frogs excrete
UREA to conserve water
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006

14. CLOACA Shared collecting space for DIGESTIVE EXCRETORY REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEMS
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006

15. OVARIES
Make eggs
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006

16. Carry eggs to cloaca Add jelly coating
Image from:
Carry eggs to cloaca
Add jelly coating

17. OVARY without eggs
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006

18. TESTES-makes sperm VAS DEFERENS-tubules that carry sperm to cloaca
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006

19. AMPLEXUS “firm embrace”
Sperm and egg same time and place
Increases chances of external fertilization
Image from:

20. INDIRECT DEVELOPMENT Grow legs; Lose tail 2 chambers  3 chambers
Grow legs; Lose tail
2 chambers  3 chambers
1 loop  2 loops
Breathe w/ gills  lungs & skin
Excrete ammonia  excrete urea
(gills & kidneys) (kidneys)

21. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM THYROID GLAND makes THYROXIN to control heart rate,
THYROID GLAND
makes THYROXIN to
control heart rate,
metabolism, and
METAMORPHOSIS

22. Ways tadpoles are like fish
Have a LATERAL LINE
Breathe with gills
Excrete nitrogen waste as AMMONIA (with gills & kidneys)
Have a 2 chamber heart
Have a 1 loop
circulatory system

23. Pericardial membrane around heart Mesentery holds intestines together
image from:
Pericardial membrane around heart
Mesentery holds intestines together

24. LUNGS: GAS EXCHANGE Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006

25. BREATHING WITH LUNGS is called PULMONARY RESPIRATION
BREATHING WITH LUNGS is called PULMONARY RESPIRATION
Frogs PUSH AIR INTO LUNGS = POSITIVE PRESSURE

26. Larvae breathe with GILLS

27. Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2006
HEART
3 chambers
2 loops

28. HEART 3 chambered heart Right atrium Left atrium Ventricle
Image from:

29. TADPOLES & FISH: 2 chambered heart 1 loop system ADULT FROG:
Images from:
TADPOLES & FISH: chambered heart
1 loop system
ADULT FROG:
3 chamber heart
2 loop system

30. MOST vertebrates have nuclei in their RBC’s
MAMMALS DON’T
RBCs’ image from:
Human RBC image from:

31. Conus arteriosus FISH CIRCULATION Sinus venosus   Atrium GILLS
BODY organs   
Atrium
GILLS  
Conus
arteriosus
Ventricle 
FISH CIRCULATION

32. Conus arteriosus FROG CIRCULATION Sinus venosus    Body organs  
RIGHTAtrium
LEFT Atrium 
Lungs      
Conus
arteriosus 
Ventricle 
FROG CIRCULATION

33. Conus arteriosus FROG CIRCULATION Sinus venosus    Body organs  
RIGHTAtrium
LEFT Atrium 
Lungs      
Conus
arteriosus 
Ventricle 
FROG CIRCULATION

34. SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION LUNGS = Pulmonary Kidneys = renal
Kidneys = renal 
Heart = coronary 
Liver = hepatic 

35. BRAIN