1. Effects of the Industrial Revolution

2. Social classes: Become more divided: -bourgeoisie: upper class
-proletariat: working class.
**upper class= luxury; lower class= filth

3. 19c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau Riche

4. Criticism of the New Bourgeoisie

5. Stereotype of the Factory Owner

6. “Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life

7. Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830
Age of Worker
Male Wages
Female Wages
under 11
2s 3d.
2s. 4d.
4s. 1d.
4s. 3d.
10s. 2d.
7s. 3d.
17s. 2d.
8s. 5d.
20s. 4d.
8s. 7d.
22s. 8d.
8s. 9d.
21s. 7d.
9s. 8d.
20s. 3d.
9s. 3d.
16s. 7d.
8s. 10d.
16s. 4d.
8s. 4d.
13s. 6d.
6s. 4d.

8. Industrial Staffordshire

9. More problems: Pollution Working conditions Living conditions
Need for private charities: soup kitchens

10. The Silent Highwayman - 1858
Problems of Pollution
The Silent Highwayman

11. Factory Workers at Home

12. Private Charities: Soup Kitchens

13. Protest and reform:
Luddites: skilled workers, were against mechanization.
-stormed factories, homes; destroyed power looms.
-Ned Ludd: Mythical leader from Sherwood Forrest.

14. The Luddites:

15. The Luddites

16. Luddites?

17. Industrialization By 1850

18. Railroads on the Continent

19. Share in World Manufacturing Output: 1750-1900

20. Thinkers and Reformers
Adam Smith
“Father of Capitalism”
Free Market
Little to no government intervention in the economy.
Self regulating
Good for everyone

21. Reform measures… Thomas Malthus: Population will outgrow food supply
Population controlled by war, disease, and famine.
Poor should have less children.

22. Charles Darwin Theory of Evolution Adaptation the key to survival
Competition causes the adaptation
Survival of the fittest
Misunderstood ideas lead to “Social Darwinism”
Some people are more “fit” which makes them better

23. Other reformers… David Ricardo: iron law of wages
Wages find a natural subsistence level where the wages of the poor will never rise enough to improve their standard of living
Jeremy Bentham & John Stuart Mill
Utilitarianism: Greatest good for the greatest amount of people; practical

24. Jeremy Bentham, and his head!

25. The Socialists: Utopians & Marxists
People as a society would operate and own the means of production, not individuals.
Their goal was a society that benefited everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few.
Tried to build perfect communities [utopias].

26. ENLIGHTENMENT Communists, Marxists, Utopians, Russia Great Britain
Karl Marx,
Friedrich Engels
COMMUNISM
Utopians,
Great Britain
Robert Owen
Saint Simon
Fourier
Louis Blanc
SOCIALISM
End result of each is the same, working for the good of the whole and abolition of private Property. The means in how to do it differs: socialists, gradual & peaceful, Communists are more violent and immediate.

27. Political Spectrum: Anarchist? Left: Center Right
Communist Socialist Liberal
Conservative Monarchist Fascist
Anarchist?

28. Political changes… State owned industries Lower tariffs National banks
Labor laws
Rules for corporations
Postal system