1. The Crusades
Chapter 14
Section 1

2. Key Terms Crusades Holy Land Pope Urban II Saladin
Richard the Lion Hearted

3. Launching the Crusades
Crusades- series of religious wars
Holy Land- Jerusalem and the land around it
Jews their temple was there
Christians- it was the birth place of Jesus
Christ would only return if Christians controlled Jerusalem

4. Muslims Control the Holy Land
1000’s Muslims control the Holy Land (Fatimids)
Turkish Muslims conquests in Europe
Stories of persecuting Christians
Turks attacked Byzantine Empire
1071 Turks destroy most of Byzantine army

5. The Council of Clermont
Emperor of Constantinople requests help with Turks
Pope Urban calls church leaders together at Claremont France
Called for Christian knights and nobles to come together to fight the Turks
Slogan “God wills it”

6. First Crusade 1096 two groups First group made up of peasants
Unskilled warriors did not do well
Some crusaders attacked non Christians
Slaughtered entire Jewish communities

7. First Crusade Peasant quickly beaten at Jerusalem by the Turks
Second group was knights
Unprepared for hardship
Lack of food and water
Some knights looted towns

8. First Crusade Took 3 years to reach Jerusalem
Laid siege to many cities
Siege of Jerusalem victory for Crusaders
Disaster for city’s inhabitants
Crusaders created four states
Christian strongholds

9. Second Crusade Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli, Jerusalem
1144 Turks capture Edessa
European leaders call for second crusade
King Louis VII and Eleanor Aquitaine were crusaders
Took no lands forced to return empty handed

10. Third Crusade 30 years after the second
Saladin-overthrew the Fatimids and controlled the Muslims took the title of Sultan
Saladin wanted to take back Crusader states
Drove Christians out of Jerusalem

11. Third Crusade
Richard the Lion Hearted of England fought in the Holy War
Salidin and Richard respected each other
Saladin offered a doctor when Richard was sick
Proposals of peace
Richard sister to marry Salidin’s brother

12. Third Crusade Richard won several battles against the Muslims
Could not take the Holy Land
Battle was a draw

13. Fourth and Later Crusades
1202 Fourth Crusade
Could not afford for Venetians to take them to Holy Land
Attacked Zara instead
Pope excommunicated all the Crusaders
Attacked Constantinople

14. Fourth and Later Crusades
Sacked the city and named one of its leaders emperor
Fourth Crusade fails
Five more Crusades follow
All unsuccessful
1291 Muslims drive the Christians out of the Holy Land

15. Effects of the Crusades
Economic changes
Enhanced existing trade
Spices, textiles, and good brought to Europe
Changed economy of the middle Ages
Political changes
Death of knight and nobles
Kings took control of their lands
Kings had more power
Social changes
Brought knowledge of Muslim culture back
Respect for other cultures
Non—Christians viewed as enemies
Persecution of Jews all over Europe