1. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics Tesla Coil Show entertains COSMOS

2. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics SCIPP
Your Guests today
Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics SCIPP
Prof. Hartmut Sadrozinski
Prof. Terry Schalk
Dr. Lan Zhang, UCSC Post Doc.
Charlie Crummer, Laboratory Manager
Christian Flacco, UCSC Grad. student
Mr. S. Briber, Independence HS, San Jose

3. Introduction & Jacob's Ladder Safety First Corona:
Tesla Program
Introduction & Jacob's Ladder
Safety First
Corona:
Zorro’s Sword
Lights without Cords
How the Tesla Coil Works
Knight in Armor
Bolt to the face
Sparks from the feet
Chicken Coop ?
Who was Nikola Tesla?
Mystery Knight in Armor
Fighting Lightning

4. AstroPhysics
Big objects in the sky: Stars, Black holes, Supernovae
Teaching, Research, Outreach
C.M.:
How do objects form
and stay together?
HEP: Smallest Particles: Quarks

5. A Physicist View of the Universe
The size of the object and its distance tells me what kind of instrument I need to see it.
Galaxy
DNA
Cell
Atom
Nucleus
Electron microscope
Accelerator
Larger & Farther away
Smaller & Harder to see
A Physicist View of the Universe

6. Professors and Students (and Teachers!)
conduct research in the SCIPP Laboratories.

7. Summer 2001: Teachers help launch a big Science Balloon
Mr. Kliewer
Prof. Schalk
Dr. Dann
Mr. Manildi
Mr. Briber

8. Balloon Flight, Chase and Recovery
After 250 Miles across Texas at 130,000 ft, 50g crash, still works

9. SAFETY FIRST! BRACE YOURSELF! 1 Million Volts! DANGER
Normally you can't see, hear or smell electricity, but the Tesla Coil makes
Bright sparks
Loud crackling noise
The air smell strange (Ozone)
Distance at least 20 ft.
Computers, Gameboys, CD players, telephones to the back of the room – unplugged, switched off!
Hearing aids off, pacemakers out of room!
BRACE YOURSELF!
1 Million Volts! DANGER

10. Zorro
Drawing lightning with a sword

11. Electricity Moves Through the Air (you knew that, because you use
Sparks
to grounded sword
Electricity
Moves
Through the Air
(you knew that,
because you use
a radio and TV)
What about
those lights
without cords?
Wire to safe ground
What is happening with Zorro?

12. Voltage starts at 120 ends up at 1 million!
Resonance circuit
1 million
volt
Summary of Tesla coil operation:
Voltage starts at 120 ends up at 1 million!
Transformer
14,000
volt
Outlet
120 volt

13. Where have you seen this before?
Learn about Transformers
Power comes out
at Volts
Where have you seen this before?
Power goes in
at 120 Volts
Commercial Transformer,
hooked up the “backwards”

14. Physics Principle: Transformer
We hear a lot about conserving Power
(turn off lamps, air conditioners, close refrigerator doors...)
Electrical Power is just converted wind, water, thermal power
It is brought to your neighborhood on high voltage lines
Power goes in
at Volts
Power comes out
At 120 Volts
and a transformer brings it down to 120V

15. Transformer 101:
Energy (Power ) (at best! - heat, sound, motion!) conserved
 I*V constant
Primary (n1) and secondary (n2) share the Magnetic Flux 
(use iron core!)
 V1  n1*d/dt
 V2  n2*d/dt  n2/n1* V1

16. High voltage sparks I: Jacob’s ladder
14kV
E=VJ/d R
off: RJ
RJ>>R -> VJ>>VR
I=0
on: RJ R
RJ<<R
I=V/(RJ+R)

17. High voltage sparks II: Tesla coil
110 VAC -> >=14kV
C gets charged
high V across S
virtual capacitor (T -> ground)
resonant circuit (S2,T)
energy transfer
voltage gain :
power transfer/sparks at w1 ( MHz)
S breaks down
C discharges through P2
resonant circuit (S,C,P2) T
primary
transformer S C P2 S2
secondary
transformer

18. Resonance That’s how a swing works:
Match Resonance Frequency and In-Phase
In the Tesla “swing”, the kick is supplied
by the Primary Coil, so it has to be tuned
to the secondary circuit to be in resonance

19. T
primary
transformer S C P2 S2
secondary
transformer

20. Transformation of Power
SLAC
Transformation of Power
Power is used everywhere
Visit the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC): Electricity -> New particles
Quarks
GLAST
Power is tranformed in Space
Black holes explode :
Material -> Light, x-rays, “jets”
SCIPP works on GLAST Mission:
discover the most powerful “power plants” in the universe

21. Meet the Fighting Knight
Fighting Lightning
Bolt to the Head

22. Electricity in Air Lightning Jacob’s Ladder Corona Tesla Sparks
are all related.
Principle: Air is made of molecules. When they are ionized, they become charged and can conduct a current like an electrical wire.
If there is a large current, it heats up the air and makes light. Thus, the sparks, flames etc are direct evidence for the model of atoms!

23. How lightning works + – + –
Ground is safe! +

24. The Faraday Cage + –
Planes are close to the clouds and away from safe ground. Why aren’t they in grave danger from lightning?
Answer: They form a “Faraday Cage” -- that is, they are surrounded by metal.
Electricity flows around the outside of the metal, and anything inside is safe! +
Safest place during a lightning storm is in a plane or car because it is a Faraday Cage

25. The “Chicken Coop” Does the chicken trust the equations?
The World’s Ugliest Faraday Cage -- and it’s full of holes!
But can it keep the lightning out?
Does the chicken trust the
equations?

26. Chicken Wire = Mostly Holes

27. Thomas “DC” Edison
and his Batteries
vs.
Tesla Revival
271 web sites are dedicated to Nikola Tesla
Join the “Tesla Coil Web Ring”
Nikola “AC” Tesla
and his Generators

28. Nikola Tesla as a Daredevil waiting for a hair cut?
Double Exposure makes it safe!

29. Who is afraid of Lightning?
Mystery Knight
Who is afraid of Lightning?
Not the Mystery Knight!

30. Is the Mystery Knight OK? Let’s check! The armored suit is safe!
It's a Faraday Cage – no electric field allowed inside.
Invisible current
1 Million Volts
Electrical current flows on the OUTSIDE of a metal!
Visible sparks
Visible sparks
Ground

31. Fysiks is Phun!
Questions?
Ask after the show, , visit…
You find our coordinates on the web

32. Date…7/03/2002 School…COSMOS
Pls. Fill out the Feedback Form
Date…7/03/ School…COSMOS
1)1) Teacher or Student (circle one)
2) Did you know anything about these demonstrations before you saw them? (If so how much?)
3) What did you learn from the demonstration?
4) What did you think worked well for you and what didn’t make any sense?
5) What suggestions do you have that might make this demonstration better? (that is easier to understand)
6) Did you have fun at this presentation? Whom will you tell about what you saw today?
7) Did this demonstration change your opinion about Science?
8) Any other comments?

33. the brain behind the sparks He was an undergraduate at UC Santa Cruz.
Say “Good bye” to
Daniel Greenhouse,
the brain behind the sparks
He was an undergraduate
at UC Santa Cruz.