1. Medieval Europe aka Middle AgesAD

2. THE Medieval Period Latin for the Middle Ages.
AKA The Dark Ages for all the death and the…
End of Western Roman Empire ( 500 AD)

3. Christianity spreads
The Pope helped to spread it by sending missionaries to teach about Christianity

4. Religious communities
monasteries- (men) monks
Convents- (women) nuns devote their “LIVES” to God!
Benedict – 500’s wrote first “code” (rules) for monks- Benedictine Rule
Monks> pray for most of the day Farm Study (copied books by hand)
Make wine , crafts , Medicines

5. 480’s Clovis converted to Christianity
King of the Franks
700’s Charlemagne ruled the kingdom of the Franks
Had conquered France, Italy, Germany
Was Christian and as he conquered spread Christianity

6. Charles the Great

8. Vikings Norsemen (Vikings) invaded from the NORTH into
Charlemagne’s rule ended in early 800’s
Norsemen (Vikings) invaded from the NORTH into
looking for land and riches
900’s : Norsemen settled around Seine R. Became known as NORMANS – called area NORMANDY – adopted Christianity and French language.
1066 : Normans invaded England- leader was “William the Conqueror”
1199 : King John I ruler of England – made lords pay for wars, could imprison without a trial

9. William the Conqueror

10. FEUDALISM A new form of governing and organization
Definition- a society based on land ownership AND service
Manor-large estate owned by wealthy nobles

12. Lord/Lady/Vassal
Lord- owned the manor/could also be “king” of his land
Vassal- took an oath to serve the lord
Did not own land
Lord gave each ‘V’ a fief ( separate manor- he did not own it but he managed it)
Most important job was to serve as lord’s knight

13. Knights Knight- warrior on horseback Different Stages:
Page (7) - left home (son of a noble)
Lived with a knight
Learned etiquette
Cared for horses
Squire (15-20)
Rode into battle with a knight
Blessed by a priest
Given a sword and a belt
Knight- protected lord and manor

14. What’s up SERFer Dude? Serfs Given land to farm
Had to work lord’s land too
Pay rent/taxes
Ask permission on lord to get married
One room
Church bells signaled breaks in day

15. The power
By the middle/late Middle Ages power fell into the hands of the spiritual leader (Pope) and political leader (king).
Pope seen as God’s rep. on Earth- got power from God and people
If people disagreed with the Pope he would EXCOMMUNICATE them!
King usually had power/things/land from family

16. In the mid 900’s AD- pope gave the emperor (of Charlemagne’s empire) approval to rule- now called Holy Roman Empire (pope lives in Rome)
Did not inherit crown-were elected by nobles- which led to fights and trickery!

17. The Pope steps in
Pope Leo IX believed all religious officials should answer to the Pope b/c everyone did answer to the first pope ( St. Peter) then all should answer to every Pope
1054 AD Constantinople's bishop refused to do this so Leo excommunicated him thus began the Eastern Orthodox Church
1073 Pope Gregory VII vs. Emperor Henry IV

18. Breaking up is hard to do!
1054: Christian church split –
Constantine’s church: Eastern Orthodox ; Rome: Roman Catholic

19. Crusades
A LONGGGGGGGG series of wars between Christians and Muslims in SW Asia over control of Palestine (Think Israel)
Holy Land to both
Turkish Muslims were attacking any Christians who visited Jesus’ town
Turks raided the Byz. Empire- so the Empire asked the Pope for help!

21. Crusades
1045 Pope Urban II called for a Christian Pilgrimage (1st Crusade) to Jerusalem to capture it back from Muslim Turks
1291- last crusade
Crusade- Latin for marked with a cross

22. #1
1st Crusade Crusaders left Europe for the HL- the peasant crusaders (pc) attacked Jews in Germany- blamed them for Jesus’ death- most of the “pcs” were killed before they reached Jerusalem
Nobles reached Jerusalem and took it over- set up four small towns and traded with Europe
BUT.. Within 50 years Muslims began taking land back thus the second Crusuade

23. #2 and # 3
1147- French and Germans set out to retake the Holy Land – again
Poor planning and heavy “troop” loss led to a disaster

24. #3
1189- Muslims had recaptured all of the Holy Land- The French, German, English, and Holy Roman Empire led armies in- But the German king died, French King and HRE left- so that left King Richard I(the Lionhearted) to battle with Saladin (Muslim leader)
Both were respected but overall, Saladin kept Jerusalem for the Muslims

25. #4
1201- French Knights set out this time- from Venice- and in order to pay for the trip they had to capture Zara for the HRE
Instead of going to Jerusalem- they got sidetracked and ransacked Constantinople ( another Christian city……) and never made it to Jerusalem

26. Many more and then finally
By 1291 the Muslims had recaptured ALL of the holy land and the Crusades were DONE (unsuccessful for Christians)
Why, you may ask?
Had to travel far from home on FOOT- many died
Weren’t prepared to battle in the desert
Outnumbered by well prepared and well led armies
Christians fought amongst themselves and were unorganized

27. Crusades: helped kings to become more powerful
Created more tensions between Jews, Christians and Muslims
increased trade
increased towns
increased disease…..

28. Crusades

29. Being religious
Monks of Cluny- French Monks- unhappy with Church affairs- became a religious order and devoted lives to nothing but God
Dominicans and Franciscan friars lived in cities and spread Christian teachings- St. Francis of Assisi (most famous one)

30. As towns grew- eventually desire for education did as well-
1st university in Bologna, Italy also had them in Paris (Sorbonne) and England
Thomas Aquinas- reasoned that rational thought could be used to argue Christian beliefs (ex. existence of God)
Also Natural Law- God had created a law about how the world operated

31. Architecture * showed devotion to God by: (during M.Ages):
1. Built huge churches called Cathedrals (ex. Notre Dame)
2. going on pilgrimages to Rome or Jerusalem

32. 1215 : Kings / Lords irritated with King John’s “idea’s”
1215 : Kings / Lords irritated with King John’s “idea’s” *limited his power with a legal document *called Magna Carta – at first only pertained to nobles but then to all
“habeas corpus”- you have the body- meaning you had to have just cause to arrest someone, etc.
Created a Parliament- law making body that still governs England today!

33. Hundred Years’ War
1328- the French king died- he had no heirs so England and France battled for his throne- France won- but England did not relent- thus began the war!
For 100 years the English fought well- then Joan of Arc (French GIRL) rallied the French to stand against them- the English killed her- but the French succeeded!

34. Effects England Parliament's power grew King now needed permission
King lost power
France
King’s power grew
Nobles supported their king!

35. BLACK DEATH 1347- Black Plague starts to spread in Europe.
Infected fleas traveled on infected rats on ships
Spread disease- wiped out 1/3 to ½ of Europe’s population

36. BLACK DEATH

37. Black Plague – Music Video