1. The 13 English Colonies
Ch 1-4

2. By 1732, England had 13 colonies in North America
They were divided into 3 regions
New England
Middle Colonies
Southern Colonies
Each region had a unique economy and society

3. The New England Colonies
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, & New Hampshire
Massachusetts founded by Puritans (English Protestants)
Very strict about the practice of religion
Several settlers left to found their own colonies
Roger Williams founded Rhode Island
Minister Thomas Hooker founded Connecticut
New Hampshire founded by colonists looking for better farmland

4. New England Colonies Continued
Cold climate with rugged land and rocky soil
Small farms
Most people practiced subsistence farming (growing enough to feed themselves)
Fish & forests were abundant
Allowed many colonists to make a living fishing or working in shipbuilding & trade

5. The Middle Colonies New York, New Jersey, Delaware, & Pennsylvania
Lay between New England & Virginia
English took over the Dutch colony of New Netherland in 1664 & renamed it New York
William Penn founded Pennsylvania in 1682
Penn was a Quaker, a member of a Protestant group that opposed war and supported equality & religious freedom
New Jersey & Delaware split off from New York & Pennsylvania

6. The Middle Colonies Continued
Had good land & mild climate
Bigger farms that produced cash crops (crops grown to be sold for profit)
Developed a variety of crafts & industries

7. The Southern Colonies
Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, & Georgia
Maryland was formed in 1634 for English Catholics
Maryland’s assembly passed the Act of Toleration (gave religion freedom to all Christians)
Carolina was created by a group of proprietors in 1663 & was later split into North & South Carolina
James Oglethorpe founded Georgia as a place for debtors (people who could not pay their debts) to start a new life

8. Southern Colonies Continued
South had a warm climate & huge plantations that grew cash crops like tobacco & rice
Enslaved Africans did most of the plantation work
Slaves had no rights
Farther inland, on the eastern side of the Appalachian Mountains, settlers cleared their own land & lived by subsistence farming.

9. Colonial Trade American merchants developed many trade routes
One route went up & down the Atlantic coast
2nd route carried goods across Atlantic to England
3rd route (“triangular trade”) linked the colonies to the Caribbean & Africa
New England slave ships carried captive Africans to the West Indies

10. Navigation Acts Regulated colonial trade
England benefited from trade laws-restrictions created jobs for English workers who turned raw materials into finished products
Colonies resented the trade laws because they were intended to benefit English manufacturers, not the colonists