1. The first 13 Colonies

2. The New England Colonies

3. Reasons for coming to the USA.
Some people didn’t like the Church of England.
They wanted the Church to be more pure. These people were called Puritans.
They decided to start a colony in the North East part of the USA.

4. Pilgrims Sail to North America
In 1620 the Pilgrims fled to North America aboard the Mayflower to seek religious freedom.
A pilgrim is a person who makes a journey for religious reasons.
Before they went ashore, they signed an agreement to govern themselves.
This agreement was called the Mayflower Compact.
Major step in development of democracy in North America
They landed in Cape Cod Bay in what is now Massachusetts, and named their colony Plymouth.

5. With a little help from my friends
Life was not easy in the Plymouth colony.
Nearly half the colony died the first winter
In the Spring, two Native Americans befriend the Pilgrims.
Squanto and Samoset
Squanto and Samoset showed the Pilgrims how to grow crops and how to hunt and fish.
They helped other Native Americans accept the Pilgrims
In the fall, they celebrated with a feast of thanksgiving.

6. The Massachusetts Bay Colony
In 1629, another colony was established.
It was founded by Puritans.
The leader of the colony was John Winthrop.

7. The Great Migration
In 1630, a group of 15,000 Puritans left England to settle in Massachusetts. This became known as the Great Migration.
The Puritans had no tolerance or acceptance of different beliefs.
This resulted in many leaving Massachusetts to form their own colonies.

8. More New England Colonies
Thomas Hooker was a minister who left Massachusetts to start a new colony.
Founded Connecticut
In 1639, they wrote a plan for government called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
*It was the first written constitution in America
Roger Williams was a minister who was expelled from Massachusetts
Williams believed in religious freedom and treating Native Americans with respect
He founded the colony of Rhode Island in 1644 , and it was the first place in America where people could worship freely

9. New Colonies
In 1638 John Wheelwright left Massachusetts with a group of dissenters
Founded the town of Exeter in New Hampshire
New Hampshire became an independent colony in 1679
In 1675 the leader of the Wampanoag led a war against the settlers.
After many deaths on both sides, the Native Americans lost the war
The colonists were now free to take even more land

10. Physical Geography
The land had poor, rocky soil and a short growing season. This was not good for crops.
The ocean, Charles River, and other various
lakes and rivers provided many varieties
of seafood. Whales were also abundant in this region.

11. Climate There is snow in the winter. Short growing season.
Spring and summer are cool and
comfortable.

12. Natural Resources
There was a large variety of seafood, including fish, lobster and whales. The seafood was obtained by the many bodies of water in New England. There was also wild deer and hogs for food. There were many forests. There are maple trees in the forests which provide wood and sap for syrup. There was also granite.

13. Manufacturing in the New England Colonies
Naval products : All the things needed to build and sail a ship.
England encouraged the New England shipbuilding industry: England’s forests were used up.

14. Middle Colonies The Middle colonies included:NY
The Middle colonies included:
New York (NY) , New Jersey (NJ) , Delaware (DE), and Pennsylvania (PA). PA NJ DE
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15. Resources
The climate was good farming land for grains and raising livestock. They called the Middle Colonies “The Breadbasket”. Other resources were furs and iron.

16. Manufacturing in the Middle Colonies
Manufacturing in the Middle Colonies : iron ore products like tools, kettles, nails and plows and huge blocks of iron to export to Britain.

17. People Groups People came from Germany, Scotland & Ireland.
-Quakers (plain living, peaceful, against slavery and dancing)
-Germans (Pennsylvania Dutch, skilled workers and loved music).
-Scotch-Irish farmed and hunted.

18. Most important settlement in the Middle Colonies
New Netherland
Very successful
Gave land grants to get more settlers
If someone could bring 50 settlers, they would be given a land grant. Allowed to rule like a King.
Landowners called patroons.
New Amsterdam
Located at the mouth of the Hudson River
Became a major port/shipping center
English jealous, and want colony for themselves

19. England Sends Warships
Goal was to attack New Amsterdam
The Dutch governor surrenders without a fight
English king gives that land to his brother, the Duke of York.
The Duke changes the name from New Netherland to New York.
New Amsterdam becomes New York

20. New York Divided
The Duke of York decided New York was too large, so he divided it among two other nobles.
The two landowners named their colony after an island off the cost of England called Jersey.
Colony became New Jersey

21. Interesting Facts about Middle Colonies
-Called Breadbasket of Colonial America. The farmers raised a surplus so they could sell.
-Germans invented Pennsylvania rifle & Conestoga wagon.
-Philadelphia means brotherly love.

22. Religion
There was more religious freedom in the Middle Colonies than in New England. No single church or religion dominated in the Middle Colonies.
Quakers
Catholics
First Jews in New York

23. William Penn
-William Penn owned Pennsylvania and made it a place for religious freedom.

24. William Penn Put Quaker ideas into practice Respected Native Americans
The Charter of Privileges- another step towards democracy in America

25. MD
Southern Colonies VA NC
The Southern Colonies included: Maryland (MD), Virginia (VA), North Carolina (NC), South Carolina (SC), and Georgia (GA). SC GA

26. Southern Colonies Climate
Rich land, plenty of rain
Year round warm weather created a long growing season.
Coastal plains, swamps, forests, harbors.

27. People Groups -Maryland was a safe place for Roman Catholics.
-South Carolina settled by French.
-Georgia founded by Oglethorpe for new start for debtors in England.

28. Maryland Founded by Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore.
Wanted a colony where Catholics would be safe from persecution
His son, Cecilius, started the colony by offering land grants to English settlers.
The upper class had the largest land grants

29. Maryland Still, more Protestants settled in Maryland than Catholics.
The colony passed the Act of Toleration in 1649 to protect Catholics.
Did little to actually ease tensions
Official church of Maryland Protestant

30. Maryland Also had tension with its Northern neighbor, Pennsylvania.
The two colonies had been fighting about borders for years.
To settle the dispute they hired two men, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to map the border.
This boundary became known as the Mason-Dixon line.

31. Trouble in Virginia
The Virginia governor, James Berkeley, made a promise to Native Americans that he would take any territory farther west.
Many Virginians, including farmer Nathaniel Bacon, did not agree with this.
In 1676, Bacon led attacks on Native American villages.
He then attacked Jamestown, ousted Berkeley, and burned Jamestown to the ground. Event know as Bacon’s Rebellion.

32. Why is that significant?
Westerners felt that the government in the East was making unfair decisions for its western settlers.
The Rebellion showed that the government should listen to the demands of its people.

33. The Carolinas Colony created by King Charles II in 1663.
Carolina is Latin for “Charles’s Land”.
Colony wanted a constitution. Enlightenment thinker John Locke wrote the constitution for Carolina.

34. The Carolinas divide
The Northern part of the colony grew tobacco and sold timber. Relied on Virginia for ports.
Southern Carolina had a port in Charles Town (later Charleston).
Produced indigo, cotton, and rice.
Required more labor to grow, more slaves

35. What about people in Georgia?
Last of the original 13 colonies was Georgia. In 1733 the king gave land to a man named James Oglethrope.
The king planned this colony as a place to get rid of people in England he did not want. The colony was to protect the other colonies from the French and Spanish to the south and west.
Oglethorpe brought many people to Georgia who had been in jail or who owed money they could not pay. The first settlement was Savannah. Georgia was named in honor of King George of England.

36. Interesting Facts about Southern Colonies
-Southern Plantations used slaves to harvest cash crops.
The cash crop for Virginia was tobacco.
Indigo and rice was also grown in the Southern Colonies.

37. Economy of the South
Ideal for plantation crops like indigo, rice, and tobacco
Plantations were largely self-sufficient, so very few large cities developed in the South.

38. The Need for Slaves
Plantations had difficulties finding the necessary labor to run a plantation
Many indentured servants were leaving plantations
Turned to slave labor. Had already been using Native Americans. As their populations declined, planters began using African slaves.

39. The Triangular Trade Routes
During the 1600s and 1700s, people who lived on the continents of Europe, Africa, and North America all had products that the others needed. For example, Europeans produced furniture and tools, while colonists in North America had fish and lumber.
Many ships crossed the Atlantic Ocean carrying these and other goods to trade between the continents. The three continents formed the points of large triangles, giving the trade routes their name.