1. Trade Routes established by 600 C. E
Trade Routes established by 600 C.E. before the rise and spread of Islam
Silk Road Trade
Indian Ocean Trade
Trans Saharan Trade

2. What you need to know: Climate and location of the routes
typical goods and products being traded
ethnicity of people involved
technology and domesticated animals making it possible
religious and cultural beliefs that are also spreading
diseases and epidemics that are also spread

3. Central Asia steppes
Silk Road

4. Silk Road Groups involved: Why it begins? Exchange of products:
Central Asian steppe nomads, pastoralists
Romans - Mediterranean Region
Kushan Empire - Northern India
Why it begins?
Chinese ruler demand for horses
Exchange of products:
From east to west: Silk, spices
From Central Asia to west and east: horses and high-quality jade
From west to east: glassware, woolen and linen textiles, olive oils, wine
Han Empire - China
Parthian Empire, later defeated by the Sasanid Empire - Persia and Mesopotamia
Method of Travel:
camel caravans

5. Silk Road Cultural exchange: Spread of technology:
Zoroastrianism, Christianity and Manichaeism from west to Central Asia
monks, missionaries and pilgrims spread Buddhism from India to China
Buddhism most prominent faith of merchants 200 b.c.e c.e. = carried to Central, East and S.E. Asia
Spread of technology:
Use of chariot warfare, mounted bowmen and the stirrup from Central Asia spreads east to China and west to the Mediterranean Region
Impact of stirrup in Europe = armored knights will dominate Feudal Europe
Impact of stirrup in China = will contribute to rise of Tang Dynasty due to their superior cavalry

6. Silk Road
Spread of pathogens (germs) for epidemics, diseases such as smallpox, measles and the bubonic plague from Central Asia to both Han Dynasty of China and Roman Empire
Results: 1/4 to 1/3 of population in both dies as a result of epidemic diseases that moved along the Silk Roads
A major factor in the collapse of the Han and Roman empires

7. Indian Ocean Trade

8. Indian Ocean Trade Regions connected by trade: Early migrations
East Africa, Arabia, India, Southeast Asia and South China
Early migrations
From S.E. Asia to Madagascar
Results = bananas, yams and other S.E. Asian plants now in Africa

9. Climate = using monsoons
triangular lateen sails without oars = Indian Ocean
trireme - Greek warship = Mediterranean Sea

10. Indian Ocean Exchange of Products
From Africa: Exotic animals, wood and ivory
From Persian Gulf: pearls
From India: spices
From S.E. Asia: spices and pottery obtained from China

11. Spread of Religion Hinduism: From India to S.E. Asia: Java Buddhism:
From India to S.E. Asia: Burma, Thailand, Sumatra

12. Trans-Saharan Trade
Introduction of camel domestication from Arabia by way of Egypt
desert nomads
From northern coast of Africa = wheat for Roman Empire
From Southern part of Sahara desert = salt
From equatorial forest area: palm oil, kola nuts
Middlemen = farming peoples of the Sahel

13. Climate zones of Africa
Northern Africa
Southern coast of Sahara Desert
Sahel = coast of Sahara
Equatorial forest zone