1. 2.1 The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
interphase
centromere
mitosis
cytokinesis
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
daughter cell
cell plate
homologous chromosome
sister chromatid

2. The Cell Cycle Life cycle of cells
2.1 The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
The Cell Cycle
Life cycle of cells
Includes phases of growth, development, and reproduction

3. Phases of the Cell Cycle
2.1 The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Phases of the Cell Cycle
The phase of the cell cycle when a cell is preparing to reproduce is called interphase.
The phase when a eukaryotic cell reproduces is called mitotic phase.

4. Phases of the Cell Cycle (cont.)
2.1 The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Phases of the Cell Cycle (cont.)

5. 2.1 The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Length of a Cell Cycle
Length of time for cell cycle is different for different types of organisms and cells
During earliest stages of animal growth, cell cycle can repeat quickly
Dependent on the type of organism and type of cell
Cell cycles repeat quickly in early stages of animal growth

6. Characteristics of Interphase
2.1 The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Characteristics of Interphase
Cell performs specific functions during interphase.
Stomach cells might produce substances that aid in digestion.
Plant cells might perform cellular respiration.

7. Characteristics of Interphase (cont.)
2.1 The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Characteristics of Interphase (cont.)
During interphase, the chromosomes in a nucleus are so thin they cannot be observed with a light microscope.
For each chromosome in one set of chromosomes, there is a similar chromosome in the other set of chromosomes.
Each pair of similar chromosomes is called a pair of homologous chromosomes.

8. Phases of Interphase There are three phases—G1, S, and G2.
2.1 The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Phases of Interphase
There are three phases—G1, S, and G2.
G1: cell grows and carries out its usual cellular functions
Some cells remain in G1 and do not reproduce, such as muscle cells, red blood cells, and some nerve cells.

9. Phases of Interphase (cont.)
2.1 The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Phases of Interphase (cont.)
S phase: the chromosomes in a cell’s nucleus continue growth but also replicate
Sister chromatid: copy of chromosome
Centromere: a region near middle of each chromatid that holds together each sister chromatid

10. Phases of Interphase (cont.)
2.1 The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Phases of Interphase (cont.)
G2 phase: continues growth and replication but also replicates organelles
Mitochondria and chloroplasts: have own DNA and can duplicate themselves

11. Mitosis Process in which the nucleus divides
2.1 The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Mitosis
Process in which the nucleus divides
Cytokinesis: process in which the cytoplasm divides
New cells made by mitosis and cell division replace dead cells
Mitosis

12. 2.1 The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Phases of Mitosis
Prophase: first phase of mitosis in which the DNA twists into tight coils and the nucleus membrane breaks apart
Replicated DNA condenses into chromosomes.
Nuclear membrane disappears?

13. Phases of Mitosis (cont.)
2.1 The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Phases of Mitosis (cont.)
Metaphase: second phase of mitosis in which the replicated chromosomes move to middle of cell and line up end-to-end
Chromosomes align at the middle of the cell.

14. Phases of Mitosis (cont.)
2.1 The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Phases of Mitosis (cont.)
Anaphase: third phase of mitosis in which the sister chromatids separate and the centromeres divide
Centromeres divide.
Sister chromatids separate.

15. Phases of Mitosis (cont.)
2.1 The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Phases of Mitosis (cont.)
Telophase: final phase of mitosis in which a new membrane forms around each set of chromosomes
Nuclear membranes form.

16. Dividing the Cell’s Components
2.1 The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Dividing the Cell’s Components
During cytokinesis the final stage of cell division, the cytoplasm and its components divide to form two identical daughter cells.
A disc, or cell plate, forms between the two new nuclei that are dividing.

17. Results of Cell Division
2.1 The Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Results of Cell Division
After mitosis and cell division, the original cell—the parent cell—no longer exists.
The chromosomes of daughter cells are identical in number and type to each other and to the parent cell.
All the cells in the body have identical chromosomes except sperm and egg cells.

18. 2.1 The Cell Cycle and Cell DivisionB C D
When a cell is preparing to reproduce, what phase of the cell cycle is it in?
A S phase
B prophase
C interphase
D mitosis
Lesson 1 Review

19. In which phase does the nucleus divide? A G2 B mitosis C cytokinesis
2.1 The Cell Cycle and Cell Division A B C D
In which phase does the nucleus divide?
A G2
B mitosis
C cytokinesis
D cell division
Lesson 1 Review

20. In which type of cell would you expect to see a cell plate form?
2.1 The Cell Cycle and Cell Division A B C D
In which type of cell would you expect to see a cell plate form?
A plant cell
B animal cell
C stomach cell
D parent cell
Lesson 1 Review