1. Yi-Shuan Huang PhD student National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
The Assessment of Open Access to Electronic Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan
Lee-Chen Chen
Associate Professor
National Ilan University
Ilan, Taiwan
Bao-Tzuoh Huang
Professor
National Ilan University
Ilan, Taiwan
Yi-Shuan Huang
PhD student
National Taiwan University
Taipei, Taiwan
2018/9/20
ETD 2014

2. The reasons for embargo7%
18%
51%
24%
Statistics show that over 50% of the reasons for embargo is because personal choice, 18% is because confidentiality, about 25% is because a 3rd party copyright issue.
2018/9/20
ETD 2014

3. Outline NDLTD Introduction Open Access(OA) Research purpose
Research methods
Research findings
Conclusions
Our presentation outline is we will do the NDLTD introduction and open access first, and then talk about our research purpose, methods and findings to share with you.
2018/9/20
ETD 2014

4. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan(1/3)
An open full-text database,
Our National Central Library(NCL), as delineated in the Degree Deferral Law, is the only legal depository for theses and dissertations in Taiwan. NCL has done just that in creating a database that makes possible freedom in research dissemination, the reduction of the urban-rural gap, and equality in academics. The system is a national academic research support platform through the assistance of colleges and universities across Taiwan.
Since participating institutions do not need to create separate databases, this translates into reduced costs for universities in terms of computer hardware, system maintenance, and IT personnel.
2018/9/20
ETD 2014

5. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan(2/3)
The third generation system developed by the NCL
1970: print catalog
1997: WebPac system(catalog online)
2010: full-text database
Over 830,000 records, also uploaded to the NDLTD Union Archive
More than 290,000 electronic theses is available online
About 150,000,000 visitors since 2010
2018/9/20
ETD 2014

6. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan(3/3)
2018/9/20
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7. Open Access (1/2) Read the Budapest Open Access initiative(2002)
Free and unrestricted online availability
Gives readers extraordinary power to make use of relevant literature
Hope to help open up access to the rest of this literature and remove the barriers, especially the price barriers
Permit any users to download, copy, print, or link to the full texts without financial, legal, or technical barriers
The only constraint about open access is that should give authors the right to be properly acknowledged and cited
2018/9/20
ETD 2014

8. Open Access (2/2) IFLA Statement on Open Access(2011)
Open access is the now known name for a concept and a movement whose goal is to provide free access and re-use of knowledge
Libraries play an essential role in open access by their expertise in building infrastructure, in creating user-friendly services of high quality and in securing long-term access
Libraries set up open access repositories and help postgraduate deposit their research
2018/9/20
ETD 2014

9. Purpose
To identify the development of OA to ETDs in recent years in Taiwan.
To compare the difference of click count and citation between OA and NON-OA to ETDs.
To construct the Immediacy Index of OA and NON-OA on ETDs
To facilitate OA to ETDs and promote the using opportunity from existing weakness in near future.
2018/9/20
ETD 2014

10. Methods(1/2) Research setting
The research setting is in the NDLTD in Taiwan. It provides free on-line services to general public on theses and dissertation of academic degrees. Based on the law regarding the awarding of academic degrees, the System, which is the project entrusted to NCL by the Department of Higher Education of The Ministry of Education, is responsible of collecting theses and dissertations as well as preserving them and enabling their access to our public readers.
2018/9/20
ETD 2014

11. Methods(2/2) Research data
The research data of this paper is based on bibliometric and citation analysis of OA and NON-OA on ETDs published between 2008 and Our measurement of quantitative statistics is focused on Number of OA on ETDs, Number of ETDs, click count, download frequency, and citation score. We conduct the study in a random sample of 500 in each ETDs with OA and NON- OA each year( ).
2018/9/20
ETD 2014

12. My thesis is published in 2010.
For example
My thesis is published in 2010.
It provides a fulltext link tag to the public to download for free.
And we can collect the citation score is 10, click count is about 1100, and the download frequency is 460.
Further more, we found the cited times of this thesis at the published year(2010) is 1
2018/9/20
ETD 2014

13. OA as a percentage of ETDs in Taiwan, 2008-2012(1/3)
Table 1 OA as a percentage of ETDs in Taiwan,
Year
OA on ETDs
ETDs
OA participation Rate (%)
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
25,455
23,359
26,641
30,848
29,512
61,232
63,024
62,684
63,139
57,804
41.57
37.06
42.05
48.86
51.04
Total (since 1956)
284,884
816,490
34.89
Final check date: March, 2014
In the first case, the indicator is shown in Table 1. OA participation rate has roughly 34% since The same indicator continues to rise for the period and particularly strong above 50% in 2012.
2018/9/20
ETD 2014

14. OA as a percentage of ETDs in Taiwan, 2008-2012(2/3)
Figure 1 ETDs vs. OA on ETDs
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15. OA as a percentage of ETDs in Taiwan, 2008-2012(3/3)
Figure 2 OA Rate(%)
Additionally, Figure 2 shows the OA current rate reaches a trough shortly and then restores a growth trend.
2018/9/20
ETD 2014

16. Table 3 measuring NON-OA on ETDs through click count and citation
OA vs. NON-OA on ETDs(1/3)
Table 2 measuring OA on ETDs through click count, download, and citation
Year
click count
download
citation
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
201,131
251,981
300,113
125,173
50,746
51,235
70,124
88,755
35,047
15,034
1,987
1,804
1,748
405 72
Table 3 measuring NON-OA on ETDs through click count and citation
Year
click count
citation
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
88,968
100,503
100,085
66,410
55,382
702
757
503
198
173
Final check date: March, 2014
2018/9/20
ETD 2014

17. OA vs. NON-OA on ETDs(2/3)
Figure 3 Click count / OA Ratio
For example, Figure 3’s ratio of OA has larger fluctuations during the last 5 years. Conversely, the ratio of NON-OA grows quite smoothly.
2018/9/20
ETD 2014

18. OA vs. NON-OA on ETDs(3/3)
Figure 4 Citation / OA Ratio
By another measure shown Figure 4, the replacing click count with citation, the situation is the reverse. Figure 4 shows the Figure 3’s peak situation disappears and restores downward trend, which the drop situation is especially pronounced in 2010.
2018/9/20
ETD 2014

19. The Immediacy Index of OA and NON-OA on ETDs(1/3)
The immediacy index is the average number of times an article is cited in the year it published
The immediacy index can tell how quickly articles are cited from the sluggish quoted
An article published early in the year has a better chance of being cited than one published later during the same year
The immediacy index
2018/9/20
ETD 2014

20. The Immediacy Index of NON-OA on ETDs(2/3)
Table 4 The number of non-OA on ETDs cited during the published year
Year
Random sample number
Cited during published year
Immediacy index
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
500 1 2
Table 4 shows the average immediacy index of NON-OA is approached to 0.
The immediacy index measures the speed by which articles make an impact on readers
Final check date: March, 2014
2018/9/20
ETD 2014

21. The Immediacy Index of OA on ETDs(3/3)
Table 5 The number of OA on ETDs cited during the published year
Year
Random sample number
Cited during published year
Immediacy index
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
500 43 38 36 72 81
0.08
0.07
0.14
0.16
Table 5 reveals the average immediacy index of OA published during is about 0.1, and growth has been particularly strong in 2011.
Like the first indicator OA current rate, the immediacy index of OA published during has shown the general trend to increase.
2018/9/20
ETD 2014

22. Table 6 The advantage, weakness, opportunity, and threat of OA on ETDs
Helpful
Harmful
Internal
Advantage
Weaknesses
Increasing tendency
According to Figure 1 & 2, the number and the rate of OA on ETDs are showing a tendency to increase, accounting for about 45% each year.
More click and cited count
According to Figure 3 & 4, ETDs’ paper with OA gets more click and cited count than ETD’s paper without OA.
Promotion and policy
According to Table 1, less than 50% of ETDs’ total number accepts OA showing the inappropriate promotion and policy.
Only made in Taiwan
System only includes ETDs written by students who graduate from university in Taiwan.
External
Opportunities
Threats
Time factor
According to figure 3 & 4, time factor plays an important role in efficiently raising academic values whether toward OA or NON-OA on ETDs.
Refine search
Due to big data, ETDs are difficult in accessibility. Refine search is born to solve this access problem.
Publication intention
Students‘ fears about OA on ETDs will prevent their future publication.
Copyright issue
OA makes published papers immediately and freely available on the web site, but it is difficult to estimate whether this paper is cited because of OA.
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23. Conclusions Several key indicators Fluctuating vs. Smoothly prospect
“What I believe in ” hope
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24. THANK YOU
2018/9/20
ETD 2014