1. ANCIENT CHINA

2. VOCABULARY

3. Ancestor Worship
The belief that your ancestors continue to influence the spirits and watch over extended family

4. Civil servant
A group of people whose job it is to carry out the work of the government

5. Confucius
A Chinese philosopher and teacher whose beliefs had a great influence on the Chinese way of life

6. currency
The type of money used by a group or a nation

7. dike
A protective wall that controls or holds back water

8. Extended Family
Closely related people of several generations

9. Liu Bang (LYGH bahng)
The founder of the Han dynasty

10. philosophy
A system of beliefs and values

11. Shi Huangdi (surh hwahng dee)
Found of the Qin dynasty and the emperor of China

12. Silk
A valuable cloth, originally made only in China from threads spun by caterpillars called silk worms

13. The Silk Road
An ancient trade route between China and Europe

14. Sima Qian (sih mah chen)
A Chinese scholar, astronomer and historian who wrote the most important history of China entitled Historical Records

15. warlord
A local leader of an armed group

16. Wudi
Chinese emperor who brough the Han dynasty to its greatest power

17. Geographical Influence
Mountains, sea, and desert provide some protection and isolation
Vulnerable to northwest
River valleys
1. Yellow (Huang Ho) earliest civilization - damaging floods
2. Yangtze - very important in unification- transportation- irrigation
3. Chang river the longest river in China

18. Earliest Civilizations In China
Earliest- Neolithic- Ban Po- similar to other parts of the world/ one of the oldest
Shang Dynasty BCE in North China along the Huang Ho- raised silk worms- silk part of lure and fascination of China, famous for bronze sculpture, daggers, jade jewelry paid homage to ancestors- family important
Chou (Zhou) longest-developed foundations for Chinese society

19. Ancient China – A Way of Life - Confucianism
Moral and ethical code highly developed treat everyone with consideration
Advocated paternalistic government
Value on family head- ancestor respect
Values- loyalty, righteousness, wisdom, sincerity
very practical and humanistic Gentility

20. Daoism (Taoism) created by LaoTzu (Lao Zi)
contemporary of Confucius
Tao= the road way
Absolute=sum of existence
Goal to bring people into harmony
very introspective
not as influential as Confucius

21. Women and the 3 Obediences/4 Virtues
Women should obey their fathers
Morality
Women should obey their husbands
Modesty
Women should obey their sons
Proper speech
Excel in domestic skills (cooking, cleaning and raising children)
**Disclaimer: This is not what I am teaching is relevant today but only in the content of understanding the culture of Ancient China.

22. Relationships in Ancient China
father-child ruler-subject husband-wife elder brother-younger brother friend-friend

23. Zhou (Chou) Dynasty Feudal society- emperor gave out fiefs
Shang thought they had a divine right- Chou rulers had responsibility
Zhou did take title “Son of Heaven”
compared to medieval Europe- had a code for dress, fighting etc.
no contracts

24. Ancient Philosophies
About 500BCE Buddha, Confucius, Greek Philosophers and Chinese - Lao Tze
Called a flowering period
India more concerned with cosmos and soul
China more concerned with ethical life on earth
Ironic comparison of Asoka and Shi Huangdi

25. Qin (Ch’in) Dynasty 221-206 BCE
dominated by “The First Emperor”
Qin Shi Huangdi (Chin Shi Huang Ti)
ambitious= understatement
centralized the government- rid of feudal lords
constructed roads and canals
The Great Wall- sacrifice AND
An amazing tomb found in 20th Century

26. Han Dynasty 202BCE-220 CE(Roman Times)
Similar: built cities, officials to carry out edicts, heavy taxes collapsed under invasions and internal revolts
contact along the Silk Road, Buddhist Missionaries to China
combination of Confucius and legalism
advanced in science and literature
invented rubber, paper, magnetic compass, acupuncture
Short period of Civil War- Sui Dynasty connected two rivers with canal- over extended

27. Tang Dynasty 618-907 CE Contributions
Internal renewal (improved lives of people) and external expansion
Used formal civil service exam to recruit-set up university
Tried to equalize land holdings- fought corruption
literature and art flourished- Tang horses p 203
Inventions- paper during Han- used for clothes and tp- 589 used for writing- invented printing, gun powder, encyclopedia

28. Song(Sung) Dynasty 960-1279 moved the capitol east-
economic expansion- used paper money,
used abacus-
Silk Road traffic at height
when dangerous went to sea routes
first period of great oceanic commerce
trades tea, silk and porcelain for exotic woods and precious stones

29. Chinese Inventions The Arts Medicine Technology Silk Weaving
Acupuncture (The treatment of disease using needles)
Paper made from wood pulp
Bronze Working
Herbal Remedies (the use of plants in the practice of medicine)
Iron plow for breaking up soil
Architecture (temples and palaces)
Circulatory system (the discovery that blood travels through the body)
Rudder (a device used to steer ships)
Poetry and history
Seismoscope (a device that registers the occurrence of earthquakes
Jade Carving
Compass
Wheelbarrow

30. Chinese Develop Paper and Writing
Chinese first used wooden scrolls and bone to keep records and write.
Later they wrote messages and even whole books on silk
105 A.D. invented paper.
Early paper was made from tree bark, hemp and old rags

31. Chinese and Learning
Rulers encouraged their people to study the philosophy of Confucius and other philosophers
Expressive poetry flourished under the Han dynasty
Confucius is known as the “first teacher”

32. The Silk Road Ancient trade route between China and Europe
Chinese kept the secret of making silk a high priority and grew rich from the trade of this material
Individuals found guilty of relating the secret of making silk were executed

33. The Great Wall of China
Originally created during the Han dynasty by the first emperor Shi Huangdi
Built to protect China from invaders in the North
Original wall built in 10 years
Due to the continuous additions over the many generations the Great Wall of China is not a single wall but a system of walls
The Great Wall of China is over 4,500 miles in length