1. Habitat vs. Niche Habitat is a place Niche is a pattern of living
Space utilization
Food consumption
Temperature range
Appropriate mating conditions

2. Competition
What is needed for competition to occur? an individual must have the ability to acquire resources and in doing so, makes those resources limited to others
Resource competition = A B
inhibits
inhibits

3. Types of Competition Interference Competition fighting over resources
Exploitative Competition consuming shared resources

4. Results of competition
One species wins and the other becomes extinct Competitive Exclusion Principle complete competitors cannot co-exist (Gause’s Principle)
Co-existence shared habitat a. Shifting advantages e.g. Flour beetles b. Populations are maintain below competitive levels e.g. Influences such as disease and predation
Paramecium figure
Wood warblers Fig 46-6
Starfish predation slide

5. Example

6. Results of competition cont
c. Resource partitioning: species require different
parts of the same resource e.g.. Wood Warblers

7. Aves.net/photo-index/wood-warblers.html

9. Results of competition cont
d. Evolution and Character Displacement
e.g. Galapagos Finches

10. Competition Mutualism A (+) (+) B Competition A (-) (-) B
Relationships between species
species A species B
Neutralism =no interactions producing effects on A/B
Mutualism A (+) (+) B
Competition A (-) (-) B
Predation A (+) (-) B
Predator prey

11. Mutualism

12. Symbiotic relationships between species
Parasitism A (+) (-) B
Parasite host
Commensalism A (+) B
Amensalism A (-) B

13. Commensalism and Amensalism

14. Parasitism

15. Key-stone species Divebums.com/FishID/Pages/giant_spined_star.html
Divebums.com/FishID/Pages/sunflower_star.html

17. Competition Extinction Co-existence Evolution Shifting advantages
Low
Population
density
Evolution
Less
competition
Extinction
More competition
Resource
partitioning