1. Alpha Systems Education Seminar Hello My name is …………….
I would like to give you a brief overview of Intermec
Please feel free to ask questions at any time as we go through the presentation
Alpha Systems
Education Seminar

2. Agenda Intermec What Is RFID? A word on standards Wal*Mart & DoD
Interrogator varieties
Tag / Reader combinations in real life
Implementation considerations

3. Intermec Technologies Corp.
$700M revenue
36 years experience in supply chains and ADC
Focus on industry verticals, investment protection
Over 20 years experience with RFID
36 years in global standards organizations
RFID through ISO, ANSI, EAN and UCC since 1998
EPCglobal Hardware and Business Action Groups
End-to-end supply chain solutions
Manufacturing
Warehouse &
Logistics
Retail
Home Sales & Field Service

4. Assumptions for the Audience
Understand RFID
Understand EPCglobal Classes
Understand Value of Standards

5. Tag Overview

6. Frequencies Best bet… Concentrate on your business requirements
RFID: Item
Management
& Toll Roads
RFID:
Access Control
Animal ID
RFID:
Item
Management
RFID:
Smart Cards
Microwave
EAS
Data
Terminal
Cell Phone
Low Freq. EAS
Mid. Freq.
EAS TV
Data
Modem
Radio
Toys
Garage
Door AM CB FM
Here you will notice that there are four main frequency bands dedicated to RFID. Access Control, Animal ID - low data rates, close range.
Smart Card RFID at MHz, short range for financial transactions. You don’t want longer read ranges so works well at 1 ft or less, is an inductive technology, and the antenna needs to be about the diameter of the read range. So if you want to read three feet, you need a three foot antenna.
Item Management, Rail Road, and Toll Road applications. Several meter read ranges, high speed, high data rates.
10 kHz
100 kHz
1 MHz
10 MHz
100 MHz
1000 MHz
2.45 GHz
300 GHz
Best bet…
Concentrate on your business requirements
Let requirements dictate frequency

7. Wavelength Inverse of Frequency Affects Antennas and Coupling
Near-field (< 1 wavelength)
Far-field (≥ 1 wavelength)
129 KHz = 2.3 Km (1.4 miles)
13.56 MHz = 22 m (72.4 ft.)
900 MHz = 33 cm (1.09 ft.)
2.45 GHz = 12 cm (4.8 in.)

8. RFID Communications Methods
RFID Frequencies
125 KHz MHz
Electromagnetic or Inductive Coupling
Close Proximity
Slower Data Rates
Ferrous Metal Affects Inductive Coupling
RFID Frequencies
400 MHz – 6800 MHz
Propagating Electromagnetic Waves
Longer Range
High Data Rate
Absorption Affects Propagation

9. Dealing with Metal Metal Ground Plane
Free Space
Tuned
De-tuned
If properly tuned to the environment, a reflective metal
ground plane can increase the tag’s read range.

10. Standards Hello My name is …………….
I would like to give you a brief overview of Intermec
Please feel free to ask questions at any time as we go through the presentation
Standards

11. EPC Global – Current State
Current Version 1.0 (Class 0 and Class 1) tags are based on draft standards
Question: Some vendors are claiming their tags are EPC compliant.
Is that possible?
Answer: “At this point in time, we are still developing the certification program for EPCglobal. Until we open the certification program, no products can truly claim to be EPC compliant.” Dicki Lulay, President EPC Global US
EPC Global will not accept changes to current Class 0 and Class 1 draft specifications – they are what they are.
EPC UHF Gen 2 working group is evaluating four Protocol submissions for the second generation of tags (submission deadline was April 14, 2004)
As the UHF Generation 2 protocol begins to be used in mass tag production, EPCglobal will look to establish a sunset date for the Version 1.0 protocol standards.

12. EPC Global UHF Gen 2 - Timeline
EPC Global UHF Gen 2 - Timeline per Dicki Lulay, President EPC Global, April 30, 2004
May 14, 2004 – End of comment period on protocol proposals
May 28, 2004 – Consensus decision, assuming no unresolved issues – only one protocol will be put forth. If no consensus, move to a technical “bake off.”
June 28 – End of technical “bake off” process (if necessary) to resolve consensus issues. The result is the “Last Call Working Draft”.
August 12 – Review of Last Call Working Draft, comment collection, and comment resolution with the Hardware Action Group (results in a Candidate Specification).
September 27 – Validation, Prototype and Test (results in a Proposed Specification).
October 5 – Technical and Business Specification Committee reviews (results in a Recommended Specification).
October 6 – Ratification by the EPCglobal Board of Governors.
EPC Global may submit ratified standard to ISO for their ratification

13. Unified Protocol – Performance Comparison
Parameter
Class 0
Class 1
Gen 2
Read Rate
US: 800 tags/sec
EU: 200 tags/sec
US: 200 tags/sec
EU: 50 tags/sec
US: 1700 tags/sec
EU: 600 tags/sec
Rewriteability
Read Only
Write Once
Fully Rewritable
Privacy
24-bit Password
8-bit Password
-- 32-bit Password
-- Concealed Mode
Security
-- Reader broadcasts OID, or
-- Anonymous modes with reduced throughput
Reader broadcasts partial OID
-- Reader does not transmit OID
-- Has authentication and encryption
Regulatory Compliance
North America
Worldwide
Multi-Reader Environment
-- Reader transmissions are spectrally separated from tag backscatter
-- Reader transmissions interfere with tag backscatter
-- Guardbands prevent reader-on-tag collisions

14. Interrogators Hello My name is …………….
I would like to give you a brief overview of Intermec
Please feel free to ask questions at any time as we go through the presentation
Interrogators

15. General Reader Requirements
Standards-Based
Global Usage
Frequency Agile
Duty Cycle Agile
Power Agile
Single Interface for Multiple Form Factors
Multiple Interface Choices
Multiple Antenna Choices

16. Metro AG Case & Pallet Dock Door Portal (Back Store – Rheinberg, Germany)
Interrogator
With Antennae
Presence
Detectors
RF Shielding
- Mesh Screen
Portal Status
Lights

17. Network Reader Use Requirements: Multiple Readers
Central Point of Control
Complex Processes
Sensors
Reader Requirements:
Processing Power
Power Over Ethernet
Wireless Capable
Multiple Antennas
Peripheral Capabilities

18. Serial Reader Use Requirements: Reader Requirements: Simple Interface
PLC Interface
Sensors
Reader Requirements:
Simple Design
Low Cost
DC Power
Multiple Antennas
Peripheral Capabilities

19. Handheld Reader Use Requirements: Reader Requirements:
Attach to Legacy Handhelds
Attach to PCs
Reader Requirements:
Self-Powered
Lightweight
Ergonomic Design

20. Integrated Handheld Reader
Use Requirements:
Existing Applications
Extended Uses
Speech Recognition, VoIP, etc.
Reader Requirements:
Standard Software
Battery for 8 Hrs
Multiple Interfaces
WLAN, WWAN, etc.
Lightweight
Ergonomic Design

21. Forklift Mount Reader Use Requirements: Reader Requirements:
Read Pallet Tags
Read Location Tags
Existing Application Support
In Lieu of Dock Door
Reader Requirements:
Standard Software
Cordless Antennas
Backup Scanner Support

22. PC Card Reader Use Requirements: Reader Requirements: Simple Station
PCs
Tablets
Reader Requirements:
PCMCIA Interface
100% Duty Cycle

23. RFID Printer Use Requirements: Reader Requirements: Labeling
Existing Drivers
Applicators
Reader Requirements:
Standard Interface
High-Speed
Applicator Module

24. Different RFID Tags for Different Applications

25. General Tag Requirements
Standards-Based
Global Usage
Frequency Agile
Multiple Sizes
Multiple Memory Choices
Multiple Class Choices
Multiple Mounting Choices

26. Container Tag
1.28” x 4.130” x .125”
Designed for pallet plastic leader board
Application
Track automobiles
Hung from windshield
Read range: 13 ft.
Handheld reader
Newly developed fixed reader
Battery powered and transportable
Printer interface

27. RPC Tag
.85” x 3.475” x .185”
Designed for use with Reusable Plastic Containers
Application
Track engine blocks
Size, cost
Read range: 5 ft.
Fixed reader – 1 antenna
Innovative tag usage
Readers interface to PLCs

28. Metal Mount Tag .590” x 8.25” x .180” Designed for metal Application
Used to track engine racks
Ideally suited
Read range: 10 ft.
Forklift reader
Developed forklift reader

29. Metal Mount Tag II Used to track trailers hauling nuts
Fixed reader at weigh station
Interfaced to scale
Write weights (empty and full) to tags

30. Meat Hook Tag Custom designed Attaches to meat hook carrier 2.45 GHz
Read range: 3 ft.
Fixed readers

31. Tire Tag Custom designed Tuned to high carbon rubber with steel belts
Special adhesive
Now outside – will move inside
Eventually will be vulcanized into tire
AIAG B-11 compliant

32. Other Tags Smart Label Windshield Tag Free Space Tag ID Card
Designed for cardboard or stretch wrap
Supply chain
Windshield Tag
Vehicle tracking
Secure entry/exit
Free Space Tag
Designed for cardboard
ID Card
Border crossings
Magnetic strip option

33. Other Important Considerations…

34. Site Analysis Spectrum Analysis Mounting Requirements
Power and Network Connections
Tag Attachment
Interface Requirements
System Engineering and Design
Hardware List
Power and Network Connection Instructions
Tag Attachment Instructions

35. Non-RFID Considerations
Application Needs
Cost / Benefit Ratio
Data Redundancy
Rely on 3rd party database?
Rely on network integrity and persistence?
Infrastructure Costs
Data Security
Encryption
Overall Benefit
Increase scope of analysis
Response times
Item-specific, time-dependent data
Don’t focus on the technology. You need to know its capabilities and limitations so you can propose the appropriate solution, but don’t get drawn into the speeds and feeds game. What will solve the problem with the greatest cost/benefit ratio?
Data redundancy discussions will lead to need for write capable tags
By looking at one application at a time, the competition can come off looking pretty good. Make sure you have the prospect look at the entire scope so that the proper technology will be selected.
Database lookups take time. With decision data resident on the tag, response times can be significantly reduced and be unaffected by system slowdowns
Data on the tag could be relevant to the situation, but not relevant to long term strategies. Why burden the database with data that is not relevant tomorrow?

36. Installation Mount Readers Mount Antennas Attach Tags
Installation and Configuration of Additional Networking

37. Beyond Tags and Readers
Exception handling
Barcodes
Handheld readers
Configuration flexibility
Shipping and receiving through same door
Reader mobility
Handhelds
Battery operation
WLAN connectivity

38. Thank You! Questions? Mike Nichols Manager, Systems Consulting
Global Business Development