1. Earth Systems: Processes that shape the Earth
Clinton Cheung, Calvin Tan, Derek Jou, Chris Ha, Boyang Jiao Period 3

2. Overview:
Goal:
To learn about the what, when, where, why, and how of water.
This is an example of a pond ecosystem!
The ecosystems mentioned will include: Marshes Estuaries Open Ocean Freshwater/Saltwater Lakes
Freshwater/Saltwater Seas
Ponds
Vocab:
Properties
Ecosystems Associated

3. Lesson One Water is unique. Water is essential for life on
Earth because we need it to live!
Vocab: Essential
Biological

4. L1 : Basic Properties of Water
Cohesion- when water
molecules want to stick to one
another
Adhesion- when water
molecules want to stick to
something different
Cohesion- An intrinsic property that is created by the shape and size of the molecules, orbiting electrons become irregular when molecules get close to one another
Adhesion- A property when dissimilar particles tend to cling to one another, divided to 5 different mechanisms of adhesion: dispersive, mechanical, chemical, diffusive, and electrostatic
This is an important property. For example, water moves through a plant’s xylem through capillary action which is driven by adhesion.

5. L1 : Basic Properties of Water
(Cont.)
- Polarity: one side is stickier than the other
-Surface Tension: adhesion and
cohesion make water molecules
form drops
Polarity: uneven electron distrubution density, with a partial negative charge near oxygen atoms and a partial positive charge near the hydrogens
Polarity is important because it allows water to be a strong solvent, something that dissolves a solute.
This is important for things like digestion.
Adjacent: right next to
Molecule: unit made up of multiple atoms

6. L1 : Basic Properties of Water
(cont.)
-Density: water has a
density of 1
-The strong surface tension
combined with its density
makes many things float on it
Property of buoyancy
Density of water is shown in this. Water is more dense than oil, while less dense than golden syrup!
Eggs float in water, therefore they are buoyant.
When you throw a sports ball into a pool, it floats because the ball contains gases that are less dense than the water. Therefore, the less dense object will float.

7. Lesson Two Water makes up 70% of the Earth’s surface.
It can be found as either
freshwater or saltwater
Can be solid or liquid
As shown in the diagram, 97.5% of our water is saltwater, while only 2.5% of it is freshwater!

8. L2 : Different Bodies of Water
Bodies of water can be large
or small.
The ocean is a large body of
water
A pond is an example
of a small body of water

9. L2 : Where Water Can be Found
- There are many different forms of water in an area, including:
Liquid Water- lakes, rivers, streams
Solid Water - glaciers, ice
Gaseous Water - present in the air we breathe in
Bodies of water is accumulated on planet’s surface while some being man-made. It generally moves from one place to another, according to its geological feature, while some are contained and still. The forms can also change according to temperature and altitude.

10. L2 : Different Bonds for Water
A water molecule has:
- two hydrogen atoms
- one oxygen atom
The atoms are connected with two types of bonds
- Covalent bonds are in the same
molecule
- Hydrogen bonds are between
molecules

11. L2 : Bodies of Water and Land
- River: a body of freshwater flowing towards the ocean
- Wetlands: land surrounded by water
- Glaciers: solid form of water composed of ice
River: watercourse of freshwater flowing towards ocean,lake, sea, or another river. Sometimes it is dried up or goes beneath the ground floor.
Wetland: a land area that is composed of mostly hydric soil, supporting aquatic plants
Glacier: a dense solid body of water that constantly moves according to its weight, and takes up more ice and snow over years

12. Lesson 3 Water is needed to grow food We cannot drink saltwater
Only freshwater can be used
to grow food
Only freshwater is safe for humans to constantly drink. Agriculture is farming on a large scale.

13. L3 : Everyday Usage of Water
From day to day we….
Drink it
Bathe in it
Wash dishes with it
Wash clothes with it
Water lawns with it

14. L3 : Global Usage of Water
On a large scale, water is used to…
Grow food
Build things
Raise
cows
Power
dams
70% of water is used for agricultural reasons in the world. Most of our water comes from glaciers.

15. Required Vocab Lesson 1 - Lesson 2 -
Water: clear fluid found worldwide
Adhesion: a property when molecules that are not similar want to stick to one another
Cohesion:a property when similar molecules want to stick to one another
Polarity: an uneven distribution of electrons
Density: water has a density of 1 kg/cubic meter
Buoyancy: the ability of objects to float in water
Dissolve: when particles come apart
Solvent: able to dissolve other substances
Solute: substance being dissolved
Surface Tension: energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid
Properties: characteristics of something
Lesson 2 -
Ocean: largest body of water on Earth
Lakes: body of water surrounded by land
River: freshwater flowing towards ocean
Wetlands: land area surrounded/ covered by water
Glacier: solid bodies of water
Hydrogen Bonds: the electromagnetic attractive interaction between polar molecules
Covalent Bonds: chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms
Ice: frozen water in solid form
Expand: to become larger
Freeze: to become frozen
Gas: the air around us
Temperature: measure of how hot or cold

16. Required Vocab Lesson 3 -
Freshwater: water that can be safely consumed by humans and other organisms
Salt water: most ocean water is salt water
Agriculture: farming
Dams: barrier that holds water
Livestock: animals
Hydrate: containing water
Global: worldwide
Glacier: solid form of water
Water vapor: gas form of water
Hydroelectric dams: dams that use water to power it
Readily: already available to use
Manufacture: making things