1. SPREADING PATHOGENS!
Messana
8th Grade

2. Pathogens Cause Disease
We will focus on 4 Types of Pathogens:
Fungi
Bacteria
Viruses
Parasites

3. Pathogens Pathogen - Anything that can cause disease or harm
Also referred to as
microbes or germs
Virus, Bacteria &
Parasites are the 3
main types of disease
spreading pathogens..& how bout that FUNGI?...none of U would understand! 

4. How Do Pathogens Cause Harm?
They can change what your cells do
Especially viruses and even chemicals
Mutagen – something that actually changes or “mutates” the genetic material of an organism

5. Types of Diseases (review)
Non-communicable:
Cannot be passed from person to person
Can be due to genetics, lifestyle choices, or environmental factors
EX: Cancer, ALS, Alzheimer’s, Arthritis, Heart Disease, Diabetes
Communicable (Infectious or Contagious):
Caused by a Microbe entering body and reproducing – Bacteria, Virus, Parasite
Easily spread between individual organisms
EX:Cold, Flu, Strep Throat

6. Environments Moist A lot like water Average temperatures
Not too hot or too cold
Limited exposure to fresh air
More ability to reproduce
Sunlight
Good for some, bad for others
Food sources
Sugars or decaying material

7. How do pathogens spread?
4 main ways that pathogens are transferred:
Person to person
Food and water
Environment
Animals

8. Virus NOT LIVING – Needs a host to survive and reproduce
Since it is not alive, it has NO CELLS
Very small
Vaccines used to treat
Works like a “LOCK & KEY”

9. How a Virus Attacks a Cell… …very cool video…but you will probably need to COPY & PASTE to get it to work?

10. Bacteria Living organisms Unicellular, prokaryotic
Larger than viruses, but usually more treatable
Antibiotics used to treat

11. Fun Fact:Clean skin has about 20 million bacteria per square inch…

12. Parasites (flip to back)
Living organisms that need a host to survive – highly adapted to their host
Unicellular or multicellular
Come in many shapes and sizes

13. Who Figures All of This Out?
FLIP to FRONT…
An Epidemiologist is a scientist who studies diseases including how they start, spread and how they are treated.

14. Global Viral Forecasting
Searching the GLOBE…
Tracking viruses in the animal populations to DISCOVER “NEW” viruses BEFORE they are TRANSMITTED to US!!!
Saving the world ….ONE person at a time!! 

15. Maggots in My Head…..May need to copy and paste these as well!
Enjoy 
Tapeworm in My Eye

16. Contagions Many pathogens are also said to be contagions
Contagions – capable of being spread by direct or indirect contact (in other words…contagious)

17. Contagion Clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7yL5DFbK5A
Features Kate Winslet as an epidemiologist trying to trace back to “patient zero”

18. Community Immunity ("Herd" Immunity)
Vaccines can prevent outbreaks of disease and save lives.
When a lot of people within a community are immunized against a contagious disease, most members of the community are protected against that disease because there is little opportunity for an outbreak. Even those who are not eligible for certain vaccines—such as infants, pregnant women, or immunocompromised individuals—get some protection because the spread of contagious disease is contained. This is known as "community immunity….or herd immunity”
The following image helps explain this concept!