1. The Role of the Universities In the Millennium Villages Project
Jeffrey D. Sachs
June 5, 2006

2. Severe malaria

3. Severe malaria

5. MAP OF COUNTRIES REQUIRING URGENT EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE
FAO/GIEWS: Africa Report No.3 - December 2005 p.2
                                                        
MAP OF COUNTRIES REQUIRING URGENT EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE
                                                                                                                                                                      
COUNTRIES REQUIRING URGENT EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE
(Total: 27 countries)
FAO/GIEWS December 2005
Since conditions can change rapidly, and published information may not always represent the most up-to-date basis for action, enquiries or corrections should be directed to Henri Josserand, Chief, Global Information and Early Warning Service (ESCG), FAO, Rome (Fax:  ,
FAO/GIEWS - December 2005
                                                              
--- Jeffrey D. Sachs Director, The Earth Institute at Columbia University 314 Low Library, MC West 116th Street New York, NY  (212) (212) Fax

6. CORRUPTION LEVELS COMPARABLE TO ASIA
Economic Growth
Africa
China
Asia
8.0
Vietnam
Cambodia
India
Bangladesh
Uganda
4.0
Indonesia
Ethiopia
Mali
Ghana
Senegal
Tanzania
Malawi
Pakistan
Rwanda
Nigeria
2.0
Kenya
Decreasing Corruption
Increasing Corruption

8. THREE GREAT CHALLENGES
Green Revolution
Health Revolution
Connectivity Revolution

9. Seed, Soils, Water, Climate, Pathogens
GREEN REVOLUTION:
Seed, Soils, Water, Climate, Pathogens

11. The Yield Gap Reported Grain yield levels
Some observations from sub-Saharan Africa

12. Per Hectare Fertilizer Use by Markets 2002/03 (kg/ha)

13. Nutrient Mining in Agricultural Lands of Africa
1995–97
2002–04
kg/ha

14. Infectious disease control, human resources, public awareness,
HEALTH REVOLUTION:
Infectious disease control, human
resources, public awareness,
logistics

15. Malaria Ecology Index

16. Sub-Saharan Africa has the Highest Prevalence of Nine Neglected Tropical Diseases
Condition Cases in Africa Proportion of Global Burden in Africa
Hookworm 198 million 27%-34%
Ascariasis 173 million 14%-22%
Schistosomiasis 166 million 89%
Trichuriasis 162 million 20%-26%
Trachoma million 40%
Lymphatic Filariasis 46 million 38%
Onchocerciasis 18 million 99%
Trypanosomiasis 0.5 million 100%
Dracunculiasis <0.1 million 100%

17. Geographic Overlap of Hookworm and Malaria

19. CONNECTIVITY REVOLUTION: Roads, rail, ports,
telecommunications, internet

20. A Comparison of Railway Networks in Africa and India

21. THE ECONOMIC STRATEGY
Rural Sector: Millennium Villages
Urban Sector: Millennium Cities
Demographic Transition

22. Rural Sector
Community-led development
through
Millennium Villages

23. Millennium Cities Project
Urban Development
Promote global competitiveness
in urban areas
Millennium Cities Project

24. Demographic Transition: Total Fertility Rate below 3.0 by 2015
Maternal empowerment, girls’ education,
Child survival, contraceptive availability,
Family planning

25. MILLENNIUM VILLAGES A NEW STRATEGY TO END EXTREME POVERTY IN AFRICA
THROUGH
COMMUNITY-BASED DEVELOPMENT

29. Income
per
capita
COMPARATIVE GROWTH DYNAMICS
OF AFRICA AND ASIA
Saving
Basic
Needs
Level
Dissaving
Africa
Asia
Poverty Trap
Self-Sustaining Growth

30. The Strategy for Ending Extreme Poverty
Millennium Villages:
Raise Farm Incomes and Household Saving
Introduce Microfinance
Introduce Contract Farming
Reduce Population Growth Rates
Bolster Urban Demand and Jobs
Based on Millennium Village Successes:
Scale Up

31. Africa Has (So Far) Missed the Green Revolution
Yield (tons per hectare)
2005
2.0
1.0
1960
1960
2005
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Asia

32. Raising Farm Incomes A “Green Revolution” CROP YIELDS Economic Surplus
DECLINING
SOIL
NUTRIENTS,
UNSTABLE
CLIMATE,
MONOCULTURE
REBUILDING
SOIL NUTRIENTS,
RAINWATER
HARVESTING,
CROP
DIVERSIFICATION
CURRENT
CRISIS
MILLENNIUM
VILLAGES

35. Area Planted to Food Declines, While Food Production Rises
Cash crop production
cash crops
Cash crop
production
Food production
Area
planted
to Food
Area planted
To cash crops

36. Contract Farming (some examples)
Nestle (dairy)
Carrefour
Land o’ Lakes
Rosebud (cut flowers)
Starbucks
Arachide de Bouche (peanuts)
ITC
South African Breweries
Guiness Nigeria PLC (sorghum)

37. Agribusiness Development Steps:
Identify potential commodities and markets
Agronomic expertise
Community Organization
Discussions with potential international buyers and investors
Millennium Cities initiative to create business-friendly environment
Millennium Project policy discussions with national government
Sanitary and phyto-sanitary conditions
Infrastructure: storage, electricity, road transport
Assistance with contract negotiations
Assistance with venture capital financing and management

38. Examples of Opportunities for Contract Farming
Cut flowers
Vegetables: asparagus, broccoli, peas, fine beans, Brussels sprouts, artichoke
Fruits: pineapple, mango, watermelon, passion fruit, papaya
Spices: vanilla, cardamom, peppers
Cane sugar
Ethanol from cane sugar
Cotton
Dairy
Honey
Starch
Cocoa
Coffee
Peanuts
Cashews
Wood pulp
Carbon sequestration offsets

39. Rosebud Corporation:
Located on the shores of Lake Victoria, two rose-growing farms have a total land area of over 600 acres. The farms are both within 30 minutes of Entebbe International Airport.

40. Blue Skies, Ghana in Partnership with
Royal Ahold, Netherlands

41. The Health Strategy: Disease Prevention and Health Promotion through:
Insecticide-treated bed nets
Improved water points and sanitation
AIDS awareness
Micronutrient supplementation
De-worming
School feeding
Antenatal Care
Reproductive health services
Disease Treatment through clinical services for:
Malaria
Tropical parasites
Diarrheal disease
Respiratory infection
AIDS treatments including Antiretrovirals
DOTS for TB
Safe delivery

43. REDUCED MORTALITY, FERTILITY, AND POPULATION GROWTH
BEFORE AND AFTER THE MILLENNIUM VILLAGE PROJECT

44. Under-5 Mortality Rate (female)20 40 60 80
100
120
140
160
180
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
Year
Deaths per 1000 live births
Baseline (UN medium
forecast)
Accelerated mortality
transition

47. Sector ODA Per African Per Annum: Recommended versus Current
Source: OECD DAC, 2003
Note: ODA net of Technical Cooperation

49. Scaling Up the Millennium Villages:
Proving Success in 2006
From 100 Villages in to 1,000 Villages in 2007, through
NGO Partnerships
Millennium Villages at the G8 in 2007
Mobilizing Official and Private Donor Support during

50. Donor Costs Needed for Scaling up the Millennium Villages
$60 per capita x 500,000,000 rural poor = additional $30 billion per year
U.S. part: approximately (1/2) x $30 billion = $15 billion per year
Needed overall U.S. aid to Africa = approximately $25 billion per year

51. If we fail to act:
8 million Africans will die each year of preventable or
treatable causes
Africa’s poverty will worsen
War, violence, and threats of terror will escalate
The population in Africa will soar
Global disease transmission will be much more likely
U.S. energy security will be imperiled
Environmental degradation will accompany rapid population
growth

53. Sector ODA Per African Per Annum: Recommended versus Current
Source: OECD DAC, 2003
Note: ODA net of Technical Cooperation

55. Investing in our National Security
Defense
$550 billion
Defense
Aid to Africa
$25 billion
Aid to Africa
$4 billion
Current
For a safer America