1. The Circulatory System

2. Cardiovascular Diseases (page 61)

3. Arteriosclerosis
Plaque = calcium, fat, cholesterol and cellular waste. Buildup of plaque in arteries causes the artery walls to become hard and thick, losing elasticity, and decreasing blood flow
An embolism can result if a piece of the plaque breaks off and blocks a blood vessel. Thrombosis is similar to an embolisim but is caused by blood clots.

5. Causes: Treatment: Diet high in cholesterol, fat, and salt smoking
lack of exercise
Gentetics
Treatment:
best treatment is often lifestyle changes such as eating a healthy diet, exercising, and not smoking. Existing plaque does not naturally go away.
Sometimes drugs or surgery are necessary

6. Hypertension (high blood pressure / alta presión sanguínea)
Blood pressure = force of blood pushing against walls of arteries, resistance

7. Hypertension (high blood pressure / alta presión sanguínea)
If there is high blood pressure, the heart has to work harder to pump blood
High blood pressure develops over many years, and affects almost everyone eventually
If left untreated, it can lead to more serious health problems such as heart attack or stroke, aneurysm or blood clot, heart failure, blindness or kidney failure

9. High blood pressure is commonly caused overtime but there are risk factors that increase the chances:
Age, risk increases between years old
Overweight or obese, more blood needed to supply oxygen and nutrients to tissues
Smoking tobacco
Too much salt in your diet
Drinking too much alcohol
High stress

10. Heart attack infarto Age
Caused when blood supply to the heart is blocked
Most commonly caused by buildup of plaque in the arteries or blockage due to a blood clot
Risk factors:
Age
Obesity, lack of exercise
Smoking
Use of illegal drugs
High blood pressure
Stress
Diabetes
Always call for emergency help if you think someone is having a heart attack

13. Aneurysm
aneurisma
Aneurysm refers to a bulge or 'pocketing' of the wall or lining of a vessel commonly occurring in the blood vessels at the base of the septum, or within the aorta. If the aneurysm bursts, this leads to internal bleeding and possible death.

16. Diseases and Disorders of the blood (page 62)

17. Anaemia anemia
Low levels of haemoglobin or red blood cells, which causes tissues to receive less oxygen
Most common type: iron deficiency
Low levels of iron in body, hard to produce haemoglobin for red blood cells
Common symptoms are fatigue or weakness
Can be treated by altering eating habits (eating more iron rich foods) or by taking iron supplements (pills)
Hemoglobin = protein that carries oxygen found in red blood cells
Ironrich foods = meats, beans, green vegetables

19. Anaemia anemia
Low levels of haemoglobin or red blood cells, which causes tissues to receive less oxygen
Haemoglobins are proteins that carry oxygen.
Most common type: iron deficiency
Low levels of iron in body, hard to produce haemoglobin for red blood cells
Common symptoms are fatigue or weakness
Can be treated by altering eating habits (eating more iron rich foods) or by taking iron supplements (pills)
Hemoglobin = protein that carries oxygen found in red blood cells
Ironrich foods = meats, beans, green vegetables

21. Leukaemia leucemia Cancer that affects blood and bone marrow
Abnormal amount of white blood cells are produced that cannot fight infection
Most common cancer found in children

23. treatment options: Symptoms: - easy bleeding or bruising
weakness or fatigue - bone pain
frequent or sever infections - red spots on skin
rapid weight loss
Exact causes are still unknown but believed to be a combination of genetics and environmental factors
Blood cells have mutations in their DNA, cause cells to grow and divide more rapidly than normal
treatment options:
bone marrow transplant (replace bone marrow with healthy cells)
Chemotherapy (chemicals kill leukaemia cells)
Radiation therapy (x-rays damage leukaemia cells)

24. Haemophilia Blood does not clot normally due to a lack of proteins
People with haemophilia bleed longer than normal after an injury or accident
It is a genetic disorder (inherited) with no cure

26. Haemophilia Treatment: injection of hormones that increase clotting
If very serious, blood infusions or replacement therapy
medications that thicken blood
Fact:
Haemophilia was common among European royals in the 19th-early 20th century
Queen Victoria passed the disease to her descendants
sometimes known as the ¨royal disease¨

27. Healthy habits Cardio exercise (running, cycling, swimming)
Drink water to dilute and eliminate waste from body
Do not smoke, it increases blood pressure and stress on the heart
Avoid high-fat diets, which causes buildup of plaque
Eat low-salt diet, too much sodium can lead to high blood pressure
Maintain a healthy weight

28. Questions 1. What can cause an embolism?
Pieces of plaque can break off from the wall of a blood vessel and obstruct blood flow resulting in an embolism.
2. What is a heart attack?
When blood supply to the heart is suddenly blocked. This prevents blood and oxygen from reaching inside the heart, causing a heart attack.
3. What is a haemoglobin and why is it important?
It´s a PROTEIN in R.B.C. that carries oxygen. It´s important because if the level of the harmoglobin is below normal, you will not receive enough oxygen.
3. What is the most common cáncer found in children?
Leukaemia. It impacts the blood and bone marrow. There are a large number of abnormal W.B.C.
5. What is a symtom of Haemophilia?
Not allowing blood to clot.
6. Why is it important to avoid foods high in fat?
Because it can lead to obesity, arteriosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. High body weight increases the chance of heart attack.

29. Homework Pg. 68 #5 Only Circulatory
Name
Organ Impacted
Causes
Symptoms/ Complications
Healthy Habits
Arteriosclerosis
Hypertension
Heart attack
Aneurysm
Anaemia
Leukaemia