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Geography of South Asia
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Plate Tectonics Theory
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Gondwanaland Southern supercontinent.
Started to break up 175 million years ago.
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The Indian Subcontinent
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The Indian Subcontinent
A part of Gondwanaland broke off and collided with Eurasia. The Himalayas and Hindu Kush were formed.
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The Indian Subcontinent
A subcontinent is a large landmass that is smaller than a continent.
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Isolating Factors Northern Mountains Water Hindu Kush Himalayas
Arabian Sea Indian Ocean Bay of Bengal
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Regions of Asia Note: Definitions of regions tend to vary a bit.
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Regions of Asia Central Asia includes Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
Southwest Asia, better known as the Middle East, includes Saudi Arabia and Iraq. North Asia is Russia’s Siberia. East Asia includes China and Japan. Southeast Asia includes Vietnam and Indonesia. South Asia includes India and Pakistan.
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South
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Northern Asia Central Asia East Asia Southwest Asia South Asia Southeast Asia
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South Asia
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Countries of South Asia
Afghanistan Pakistan India Nepal Bhutan Bangladesh Sri Lanka Maldives
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Major Geographic Regions
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Major Geographic Regions
Northern Mountains Northern Plains Deccan Plateau
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Northern Mountains Northern Plains Deccan Plateau
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Northern Mountains Himalayas Hindu Kush
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Himalayas 1,500 mile long chain of mountains.
Include tallest mountains in the world. Create a massive wall separating South Asia from East Asia.
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Mount Everest Tallest mountain in the world at 29,000 feet.
First climbed by New Zealander Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay from Nepal.
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Hindu Kush Smaller in area than the Himalayas, but almost as high and just as rugged. Located mostly in Afghanistan. The word “kush” means “death.”
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Khyber Pass Best known pass through the Hindu Kush.
For centuries, traders and invaders traveled through this pass.
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Kashmir Isolated valley in northern India.
Famous for the production of a fine wool. Split between India, Pakistan and China.
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Indo-Gangetic Plain Large plain formed by the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers. Most fertile and densely populated part of South Asia.
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Indus River Largest river of Pakistan. The word “indus” means “river.”
India’s name comes from this river.
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Ganges River Largest river in India. Most holy river of Hinduism.
Joins with Brahmaputra to create an enormous delta in Bangladesh.
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Brahmaputra River Large river that starts in Tibet (China).
Runs through India and Bangladesh. Name means “Son of Brahma.”
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Thar Desert Large desert in India and Pakistan.
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Deccan Plateau Large plateau (an elevated flat or hilly landmass)
Bordered by mountains: Vindhyas Western Ghats Eastern Ghats
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Western Ghats The Western Ghats create a “rain shadow.” Windward Side
Leeward Side The Western Ghats create a “rain shadow.”
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Monsoons Monsoons are seasonal winds.
The word monsoon comes from the Arabic word for season. There are wet and dry monsoons.
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The Wet Monsoon The wet monsoon arrives in late May or early June.
South Asia relies on the wet monsoon for most of its annual rainfall. Flooding often occurs in September at the end of the monsoon season.
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The Dry Monsoon The dry monsoon arrives in October and lasts though November.
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Review
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Q: What large landmass split up millions of years ago, resulting in India’s collision with the rest of Asia? A: Gondwanaland
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Q: What two terms are used to describe this region of the world?
A: South Asia & the Indian Subcontinent
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Q: What five physical features isolate South Asia
Q: What five physical features isolate South Asia? Hint: two landforms and three bodies of water. A: Hindu Kush, Himalayas, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean & Bay of Bengal.
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Q: What is the name of the territory in northern India that is claimed by both India and Pakistan?
A: Kashmir
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Q: What is the name of the famous mountain pass through the Hindu Kush mountains?
A: Khyber Pass
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Q: What geographic term is used to describe a landform that is low in elevation and relatively flat?
A: Plain
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Q: What is the large plain in the northern part of South Asia?
A: Indo-Gangetic Plain
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Q: What three rivers form the Indo-Gangetic Plain?
A: Indus, Ganges & Brahmaputra
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Q: What geographical term is used to describe the landform formed at the mouth of a river?
A: delta
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Q: Which country is largely composed of the huge delta formed by the Ganges and Brahmaputra?
A: Bangladesh
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Q: Which two rivers combine to form the largest delta in South Asia?
A: Ganges & Brahmaputra
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Q: What two names are used to describe the large desert located in South Asia?
A: Thar & Great Indian Desert
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Q: In which two countries is the Thar Desert located?
A: India & Pakistan
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Q: What geographic term is used to describe an elevated area that is relatively flat?
A: plateau
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Q: What is the name of the large plateau in central India?
A: Deccan Plateau
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Q: What mountain chain has the biggest influence on the amount of precipitation the Deccan Plateau receives? A: Western Ghats
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Q: What geographic term is used to describe when one side of a mountain receives a lot of moisture and the other side almost none? A: rain shadow
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Q: What are monsoons? A: seasonal winds
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Q: What is the origin of the term monsoon?
A: It comes from the Arabic word for season.
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Q: When does the wet monsoon arrive?
A: late May/ early June
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Q: When do the dry monsoons arrive?
A: October
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Review: Countries Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal
Pakistan Sri Lanka Afghanistan ? Pakistan ? ? Nepal ? Bhutan ? India ? Bangladesh Sri Lanka ? ? Maldives
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Review: Bodies of Water
Arabian Sea Bay of Bengal Indian Ocean ? Bay of Bengal Arabian Sea ? ? Indian Ocean
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Review: Rivers ? Indus Brahmaputra Indus Ganges ? ? Ganges Brahmaputra
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Review: Physical Features
Deccan Plateau Himalayas Hindu Kush Indo-Gangetic Plain Thar Desert Western Ghats Hindu Kush ? Thar Desert ? Himalayas ? ? Indo-Gangetic Deccan Plateau ? Western Ghats ?
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