2. Hanging Gardens of Babylon
The Fertile Crescent
The Story of Mesopotamia is the story of the _____________ & _____________ of EMPIRES!
City-State_________________________________________________________________________________________
Cuneiform____________________________________________________________________________________
Cultural Diffusion_____________________________________________________________________________________
Phoenician Alphabet_____________________________________________________________________________________
Zoroastrianism_________________________________________________________________________________
- Mesopotamia
-Fertile land between the ____________________ and __________________________ Rivers
 -____ to _________ miles wide
Sumer
-First ____________________
-Collection of _________________
-Each city-state centered around a _______________ called a ______________________
Hammurabi’s Code
_____________
1st Babylonian Empire
-Ca BCE _________________ invade
-Establish capital at ________________, on the Euphrates River
-The ___________________c onquered the 1st Babylonian Empire, ca BCE
-The _______________ conquered the Assyrians, ca BCE
-They became the __________________, or the 2nd Babylonian Empire
-The ___________________c onquered them, 539 BCE
The Birth of Empire
-_________________ of Akkad ca B.C.
-Created world’s first __________________ by controlling northern and southern ___________________________
-Spread ____________________ culture beyond Tigris-Euphrates Valley
Sumerian Inventions
-______________, sail, plow
-Sewer, __________
-Number system
-___________________
-Algebra
Hanging Gardens of Babylon

3. The Phoenician Alphabet
Phoenicians
Traders
-Collection of ___________________
-About 1100 B.C. dominated __________________________ trade
-Shipbuilders and ________________
-First Mediterranean people to voyage beyond the ______________________________
The Phoenician Alphabet
Hooked on Phonics!
-Needed to ________________ transactions
-Created a ______________ alphabet
-______ letters
-Same phonetically as the Hebrew
-First two letters: aleph, __________
Hebrews
-Enslaved in Egypt
-Led by Moses out of Egypt
-40 years wandering in the desert
-10__________
-The _________
Hebrews
-_______________ “the Promised-Land:” faced drought, famine, starvation
-Abraham’s _____________ with God:
A nation out of __________
Father of all three major world _______________
Isaac and Ishmael
Judaism and Islam
Merchandise
-Red-__________ dye
- Made from rotten __________
-Papyrus
-Wine
-_________________
-Precious metals
-Slaves
-Back in Canaan (Israel), _____________ over ____________ with Philistines

4. The Persians
-Came from present-day ___________________
-_______________ the Great seized ___________________.
- Freed the _____________ people
- Allowed them to return to _________________
- Allowed them to rebuild the Temple of ____________________
-_____________________ rulers
-Darius the Great built the city of _______________________
-__________________________
- Monotheistic
- Good vs. ______________
- Afterlife=a ______________ place & a bad place!
Remember, the story of Mesopotamia is the story of the __________ and __________ of empires.
Sumerians
Akkadians
Amorites (_____ Babylonian Empire)
Hittites (___________ WEAPONS)
Assyrians (IRON WEAPONS, FIERCE __________)
Neo-Babylonians (Chaldeans [related to the Amorites]), ____ Babylonian Empire
__________________