1. Rana Hussein and Ally Muszynski
Chapter 5: Languages
Rana Hussein and Ally Muszynski

2. What is a dialect?
Dialect: a regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.
As a language diffuses around the world, new forms of it are spoken. As people learn a certain language, they make their own pronunciations, creating different dialects.
In the 1600’s, Great Britain created 13 colonies in America. Great Britain brought their dialect of English to America, but the Americans ended up making their own language.

3. Why is English spoken differently around the world?
English is spoken differently around the world because it has many different dialects.
English diffused from Great Britain to America, then to other places around the world. As people learned English, they added parts of other languages to it, creating new dialects.
English diffused from Great Britain, to America, to Australia, then around the world.

4. What languages have been extinct but have been revived?
Hebrew and Sanskrit are one of the only languages that have been extinct and revived.
For a language to be extinct and revived is extremely rare. Hebrew was revived a couple of years after it had become extinct.
Hebrew and Sanskrit are both languages that have been revived.

5. What is a language family?
What is a language family?
Language Family:group of languages that shared a common ancestor long before recorded history.
A language family is the largest part of the language tree.The language family is also the oldest section of the family tree, dating back to before history had been recorded.
The Indo-European family is the largest family, containing a great amount of the widely spoken languages.

6. What is a language group?
Language group: a collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin of recent past.
A language group is a group of languages connected by a common ancestor. A language group has languages that are closely related in pronunciation and letters.
The West Germanic language group contains English, German, Dutch, and other languages.

7. What is a language branch?
Language branch: a collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago.
A language branch is the origin of the language group. A language branch existed many years ago, during the recording of history. A language branch is a group of languages with a common ancestor.
The Romance branch is the branch that contains Spanish, Italian, French, and many other languages.

8. What are the largest language families?
Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan are the largest language groups.
The Indo-European family and the Sino-Tibetan family are the largest language families because they have the most spoken languages, English and Mandarin.
Spanish, English, and all of the other Romance languages are included in the Indo-European family, causing it to be the largest language family.

9. How did the Angles and Normans contribute to the development of English?
The Angles and Normans helped the creation of English because they invaded England while speaking Latin and Germanic languages. After they invaded England, they spread the English language all around the world.

10. What branch and tree does English belong to?
English belongs to the Indo-European family and the Germanic branch.
English is part of the Indo-European family because it is part of the West Germanic branch. English is part of the Germanic branch because it is a dialect of German. Many years after German was created, English followed.
Many English root words are derived from German.

11. What is a creolized language?
Creolized language: a mixture of colonial languages and native languages.
A creolized language is created by a mixture of a dominant group’s language with a smaller group’s language.
Haitian Creole is a form of a creolized language.

12. What is an Isogloss?
Isogloss: a boundary that separates linguistic regions.
Many countries have more than one official language, dividing the country into sections by languages. An isogloss is the boundary in between each of the sections.
The Benrath and Speyer isoglosses separate Upper Germany and Lower Germany.

13. What is Spanglish? Spanglish:combination of Spanish and English.
As more Hispanics migrated into the U.S, they formed their own language. As they were learning English, they incorporated it into their first language, Spanish.
To park in Spanglish is parquear.

14. What is Franglais? Franglais: combination of French and English.
Franglais: combination of French and English.
As more French began to learn English, they incorporated it into their native language, creating Franglais. Franglais is a language with a mixture of French words and English words.
The bill is Debile in Franglais.