1. Bellringer (3/10/15) Have your paper out and we will go over it
1 – June 28
6 – August 3
7 – August 4
Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated
Great Britain declares war on Germany
Germany declares war on France
2 - July 23
5 – August 1
Austria sends ultimatum to Serbia
Germany declares war on Russia
2 - July 28
4 – July 29
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
Russia mobilizes army against Germany

2. Today’s Class (3/11/15) Outcome Agenda Notes Exit Slip
Be able to explain the style of warfare primarily used in World War I.
Be able to identify examples of new technology that was used during World War I.
Agenda
Notes
Exit Slip

3. Trenches & Technology in WWI
Section 16.2

4. Expectations v. Reality
At the outbreak of War, both sides believed that the conflict would be quick and full of glory. “We’ll be home be Christmas” soldiers would say to their mothers in August 1914.
Fueled by propaganda-mongers in the home countries of both the Allied and Central Powers, young men rushed to sign up for military service.

5. Nations Prepare For War
To prepare for war, nations started two practices:
Planned Economies – Government agencies control all resources and convert peace time production to war time production. This included rationing of certain items.
Examples:
Meatless Mondays, Wheatless Wednesdays, Sweetless Saturdays
Limiting rubber available for purchase
Total War – Complete mobilization of a nations resources, everything goes toward the war effort
Citizens growing “victory gardens” in their back yards to supply food for war effort

6. How are these examples of propaganda?
Propaganda – ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.
How are these examples of propaganda?

7. Propaganda

8. British Troops Eager to Join – Afraid They’ll “Miss it.”

9. Expectation v. Reality Expectation Reality Quick Victory
Soldiers partake in glorious frontal assaults – like those in the time of Napoleon
“Cheap” victories – believed that the cost in lives would be relatively low
Stalemate
New weapons made frontal assaults disastrous
At the end of WWI, casualties exceeded 37 million [16 million dead, 21 million maimed or wounded]

10. Technology
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11. Trench Warfare System

12. Trench Warfare

13. Trench Warfare

14. Problems facing Attacking troops:
Machine Guns

15. Problems facing Attacking troops:
Flamethrowers

16. Problems facing Attacking troops:
Mustard Gas – Real Footage

17. All Quiet on the Western Front
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18. Unexpected Outcome of Trench Warfare
Many soldiers came out of World War I with major facial injuries
Most were from machine gun fire when peeking over the top of the trench
Many others were wounded by shrapnel (the debris that was blasted in all directions after a blast)

19. Facial Injuries
The soldiers who came home with horrible disfigurement were shunned by society (sometimes, even their own families)
Artists in Paris heard about the plight of these soldiers and set out to do something
These artists’ work would lead to medical interest and the development of plastic surgery

20. Facial Wounds

21. Facial Wounds

22. Facial Wounds

23. Facial Wounds

24. Facial Wounds

25. Facial Wounds

26. Facial Wounds

27. Facial Wounds

28. Mustard Gas

29. At the war’s end, more than 30% of the casualties were related to chemical warfare and 80% of the casualties were directly related to mustard gas

30. Problems facing Attacking troops:
Bigger & better artillery
Tanks - 1st Tanks

31. Problems facing Attacking troops:
Airplanes
Aerial Attacks
Red Baron- German Ace – 80 Kills

32. More than bullets can kill you
Soldiers on both sides faced the threat of death from the following:
Disease
Infestation
Malnourishment

33. More than bullets…
Trenches were often wet and filthy

34. More than bullets…
Wet trenches + poor sanitation =
- Trench foot

35. More than bullets…
Lest we forget:
Trench rats

36. More than just bullets…..
Shell Shock

37. If it’s so bad at the Front, why not just run away?
Personal Honor was very important to most young soldiers fighting WWI. Many did not want to face their families or fellow survivors as cowards.
There was one other method of keeping “morale” high:

38. Treason’s Consequences
Field Punishment Number One was standard procedure on both sides of the war.
Captured deserters would be set up above the trenches on wooden posts.
Death by enemy fire.

39. Russia Withdraws Russia is forced to drop out of the war:
unprepared for war,
Czar has no military experience and makes many mistakes
lack of industry
Not all Russian soldiers provided weapons – told to find off a dead comrade
heavy losses in the first two years of the war (2 mill. in – 1916) turns the Russian people against the war.
A Revolution occurs in Russia – unpopular Czar is overthrown, Marxist group – Bolsheviks – take power under Vladimir Lenin

44. Exit Slip
On a half-sheet of paper, answer the following in complete sentences:
Describe the style of warfare that was primarily used in WWI & its consequences.
Identify three examples of new technology that were used in WWI.