1. Protestant challenges to Elizabeth’s religious settlement
How effectively did the Tudors restore and develop the powers of monarchy?
In what ways and how effectively was England governed during this period?
How did relations with foreign powers change and how was the succession secured?
How far did intellectual and religious ideas change and develop and with what effects?
How important was the role of key individuals and groups and how were they affected by developments?

2. The triumph of Elizabeth, 1563–1603
Elizabethan government: court, ministers and parliament; factional rivalries
Foreign affairs: issues of succession; Mary, Queen of Scots; relations with Spain
Society: continuity and change; problems in the regions; social discontent and rebellions
Economic development: trade, exploration and colonisation; prosperity and depression
Religious developments, change and continuity; the English renaissance and ‘the Golden Age’ of art, literature and music
The last years of Elizabeth: the state of England politically, economically, religiously and socially by 1603

3. Elizabeth’s religious settlement comprised two laws:
The Act of Supremacy (1559)
Act of Uniformity (1559)
Write down:
What the law was
Any details you can remember about it

4. What can you remember about…
The Royal Injunctions (1559)
The Prayer Book (1559)
The Thirty-Nine Articles (1563)

5. Viewpoints on the settlement
Right, that’s religion sorted. End of. Let’s move on.
What do you think about Queen Liz’s new religious laws?
Well, it’s a start…
Why might opinions differ? What does the man on the right hope for?

6. No, but I’m not happy about…
What’s the problem with Services are in English, the Queen is Supreme Governor of the Church – it’s hardly Catholicism.
No, but I’m not happy about…
What might he say next? List the criticisms a strict Protestant might make about Elizabeth’s religious settlement.

7. Who were the Puritans and what did they want?
NOT a unified group
Wanted to reform the Church to rid it of Catholic elements
Wanted a simpler form of worship, based on the Bible.
So what’s the problem?
Elizabeth thinks the settlement is done and dusted, but protestant beliefs were developing all the time, especially in Europe. New ideas posed a challenge.

8. Christians Protestants Catholics Puritans Moderates Non- Presbyterians
Separatists
Explain that Catholicism is one thing, uniform, led by the pope. Diversity of opinon in Protestantism

9. The structure of the Church of England

10. The structure of the Church of England
What does this structure remind you of?
Draw out idea that it’s basically the same as the Catholic church, just with the monarch in charge instead of the pope

11. Moderate Puritans
Accepted the structure of the Church (a bit reluctantly)
Wanted to reform beliefs and religious practices to make them more similar to the European churches
Wanted to get rid of all traces of Catholicism

12. Elders of the Church (leaders, but elected by laity)
Presbyterians
Wanted to reform beliefs and religious practices to make them more similar to the European churches
Wanted to get rid of all traces of Catholicism
Wanted to reform the structure of the church
The laity (ordinary members of the church, not ministers/priests/bishops)
Elders of the Church (leaders, but elected by laity)
Minister and Elders work together

13. Why did Elizabeth see the Puritans as a threat?

14. Why did Elizabeth see the separatists as a threat?
Did not want to be part of a national church
Wanted to pursue own radical reformation on a parish-by-parish basis.
Why did Elizabeth see the separatists as a threat?

15. Elizabeth vs Puritans: points of conflict
Convocation
Vestiarian Controversy
Thomas Cartwright
John Field’s Admonitions to Parliament
Prophesying
Whitgift and the Three Articles
Separatists
Marprelate Tracts
Students to fill in the table as they go through the lesson./ Table is a word doc

16. Convocation of 1563 1563 Elizabeth calls Parliament
By tradition, a Convocation of the English Church was called at the same time.
39 Articles issued, but only passed by one vote!

17. 39 Articles Based on Cranmer’s work from 1552
Set out the beliefs of the C of E
Emphasis on predestination and justification by faith
Said the Church had power to decide in debates on faith BUT that they couldn’t act against the meaning of the Bible
Clearly defined the role of bishops
Which aspects of this might Puritans like? Which aspects might they not be happy with?

18. Convocation: what changed?
Church leaders assumed Convocation would lead to more change.
Little was done other than issuing 39 Articles issued (which were not given legal force until 1571).

19. Vestiarian Controversy 1566
1565: Elizabeth asks Archbishop Parker to ensure that all clergy were following the practices as set out in the Royal Injunctions of 1559
1566: Parker issues a ‘Book of Advertisments’ setting out what clergy are expected to do.
In particular, he reminds them of the dress code…

20. Vestments: what priests wear
I’m going for the minimalist look this season.
White thing is a surplice, red decorated outerwear is a cope
What they are supposed to wear
What more radical ministers want to wear

21. Why does this matter? What the Bible says about priestly dress…
The Injunctions say that the Cope (fancy colourful cloak) should be put on before giving communion.
Get them to use the clues to work out why many objected to vestements. Particularly idea that they are ‘dressing up’ to give communion, elevates the status of communion, perhaps too much? Hints at importance of this above other rituals?
Vogue for Catholic Priests…

22. What happened
37 clergymen refused to wear the correct vestments and were suspended
Parker had to admit that there was no biblical justification, but that the Supreme Governor (the Queen) had the authority to demand it.
Why do you think Elizabeth refused to back down over the vestments issue?

23. Task
Read pages in the textbook and fill in the sections of your table on:
Cartwright
Field and the Admonitions to Parliament
C Block have got to here, Haven’t done Field, should have fginished Cartwright

24. John Field on the Book of Common Prayer:
Analysis
Why do you think most of the bishops supported Elizabeth against Cartwright?
Why do you think Elizabeth and moderate Protestants was so offended by John Field’s Admonitions to the Parliament and subsequent pamphlet?
John Field on the Book of Common Prayer:
‘An unperfect book’
‘Picked out of that popish dunghill, the Mass’
‘Full of childish and superstitious toys’
Discuss the questions as a class:

25. Read the section on Prophesying on page 206

26. Prophesying What is Prophesying?
Why was this so important to Puritans?
Why did Elizabeth disapprove?
Elizabeth preferred homilies. Why?
Fill in the Prophesying section of your table

27. Whitgift’s Articles
1583: Compares Puritans to “Papists, Anabaptists and rebels”
All clergy had to subscribe to 3 Articles
Acknowledge Royal Supremacy
Agree that Prayer book contained nothing contrary to Word of God
Accept that 39 Articles conformed to Word of God
Why was this controversial?
2nd Article: Some people thought that the second prayer book contained things for which there was no biblical justification. Remember many wanted a modification of the second prayer book

28. Consequences of the Three Articles
Many ministers outraged
Within weeks 300 ministers had been suspended.
Set new harsh tone

29. Whitgift backs down
Under pressure from Leicester and Walsingham (leading councillors)
Clergy just have to USE the prayer book, don’t have to actually agree with it.

30. Read the section on ‘The Development of Classes’ on page 207-8
What were classes?
Did these pose a real challenge to Elizabeth’s settlement?
What did Anthony Cope and his supporters want?
Did Elizabeth see them as a threat?
Were they really a threat do you think?

31. Read the sections on the Separatist Movement (including Brownists and Marprelate Tracts)
Fill in your table

32. Analysis
Did the challenge from Puritans increase or decrease over time?
What are the reasons for this? Think about: activities of Puritans, response of the Crown, how the challenge from the Puritans relates to the threat from Catholics.
Discuss then write?

33. The Puritan and Presbyterian Challenge: An assessment
Read Pages of the textbook ‘The Church of England by 1603’. Use this information and your completed table to complete an assessment of the Puritan and Presbyterian challenge.
The Puritan and Presbyterian Challenge: An assessment
Evidence to suggest that the challenge was serious
Evidence that could be interpreted either way
Evidence to suggest that the challenge was not serious
Think about how opposition was expressed, how far it actually caused change, who supported the Puritans and Presbyterians and how seriously Elizabeth took them

36. Blackadder Episode

37. The Puritan and Presbyterian challenge: assessment
Presbyterians viewed as a serious challenge by Elizabeth
Protected to some extent by leading councillors (e.g. Leicester and Burghley)
Burghley appoints Travers (a friend of Cartwrights) as his personal chaplain
Leicester secures a preaching licence for Field (who wrote the scandalous First Admonition)
Shows political influence of Leicester and Burghley, but also that the Catholic threat was perceived as greater