1. The Biosphere

2. Some questions to think about…
1) What is the role of the biosphere for humans?
2) How do our daily actions affect the biosphere?
3) What should we do to protect our environment and the biosphere?

3. The 3 Spheres

4. Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere

5. Lithosphere: Hydrosphere: Atmosphere: Rocks and minerals.
Internal structure of the earth.
Types of soil.
Hydrosphere:
Distribution of pure and salt water
Where does drinkable water come from?
How do we obtain drinkable water?
Atmosphere:
1. Composition of the atmosphere
2. Lower layer of the atmosphere
3. Pollution
4. The warming of the planet

6. What is the Biosphere?
Definition: The part of Earth where life can exist.
-Any type of life, not just human life.
The lower atmosphere.
Sea, rivers, lakes, deep oceans.
The top layer of the Earth.

7. Can other planets support life?
Why?

8. Hydrosphere
Definition: All of the bodies of water that cover the Earth.
Did you know that water is rare in our solar system? Why is water important?
Water is essential for all life!

9. Water Distribution on Earth
Saltwater = 97.2%
Freshwater = 2.8%
- Glaciers = 2.15%
- Underground = 0.63%
- Surface = 0.02%

10. Saltwater

11. The Oceans on Earth

12. Arctic
Atlantic
Pacific
Indian
Pacific
Antarctica

13. What makes ocean water salty?
The sea and ocean water is salty because of the large amount of minerals and rocks that are dissolved. The minerals come from different forms of rocks.
Every time it rains a certain amount of minerals which form the rocks are dissolved. The minerals flow into the oceans, or they accumulate.

14. What salts are found in saltwater?
Chlorine (55%)
Sodium (30.6%)
Sulfur (7,7%)
Magnesium (3.7%)
Calcium (1.2%)
Potassium (1.1%)

16. Freshwater

17. General Info - Covers only 3% of the Earth’s water.
- Is essential for the survival of many species.
- Not all of this water is clean and drinkable.
- The distribution of water is unequal.

18. Which countries have a lot of water?
Brasil : 18%
Canada: 9%
China : 9%
United States: 8%
All other countries : 56 %

19. Glaciers

22. Underground Water

23. - Water that falls as rain to the ground is filtered underground between the rocks and earth, pulled by gravity.
-Even the rocks are porous and water can pass through.
-When the water goes to a layer of earth that is not permeable, water fills the space.
-The water can be collected by digging.

25. Rivers -Start in the mountains due to the melting snow.
-Many streams join together to form bigger and bigger rivers.
-All the land that feeds the river is called the watershed.
-Watersheds are separated by mountains or other land.

27. Ponds

28. -Smaller and shallower than a lake.
-The sun goes to the bottom where there are plants.
-Ponds do not exist all year round because they can dry up during the summer.

29. Lakes

30. -Can be small or very large.
-Can be natural or man made.