1. The Crusades

2. What’s Wrong? Priests were marrying & having families
Bishops sold positions in the church to raise money
Kings appointed church bishops

3. Church Reforms
Enforced laws against marriage & the selling of church positions
Development of canon law, or church law (marriage, divorce, inheritance, etc.)
Collection of tithe

4. Identify…
Holy Land:
Jerusalem; point of contention during the Crusades
Seljuk Turks:
Turkish people who practiced Islam

5. Identify… Urban II: Catholic pope that began the Crusades Crusaders:
Christians that fought during the Crusades

6. The Initial Spark
In 1093, the Seljuk Turks threatened to conquer Christian lands in Europe…

7. Motives…why join? Religious zeal The hope for prestige, wealth & land
The desire for adventure

8. Motives…of Church? Reclaim the Holy Land Increase power
End fighting between Christian knights

9. The Battle Cry? “God wills it!” Significance:
Crusaders felt that they were doing God’s will; provided a moral justification

10. The First Crusade
Crusader armies captured Jerusalem and massacred Muslim & Jewish residents

11. The First Crusade
As a result of their victory, Christians divided Jerusalem into 4 small feudal states; Edessa, Antioch, Jerusalem & Tripoli

12. The Second Crusade
Crusader armies attempted to recapture Edessa, a Christian city that had been captured by the Muslims
Crusaders were DEFEATED

13. The Third Crusade “Crusade of Kings”
Crusader armies unsuccessfully attempted to recapture Jerusalem
The Muslims agreed to reopen Jerusalem to unarmed Christians
TRUCE!

14. Results of Crusades
BITTER LEGACY OF RELIGIOUS HATRED (Both Christians & Muslims committed horrible crimes in the name of religion
Increased trade (new items, new trade routes, etc.)

15. Results of Crusades
Growth of a money economy (the Crusades had to be FUNDED by $$$)

16. Results of Crusades Pope LOSES power
The feudal system DECLINES & monarchs become STRONGER

17. And Finally…
Many of the later Crusades proved unsuccessful; therefore, many people started to lose faith in the Catholic Church, as well as its leader…