1. Calvinism
John Calvin was the person most responsible for the spread of Protestantism
About 20 years younger than Luther
Started in Geneva – a theocracy
Absolute rule by Calvin and the Consistory
Institutes of Christian Religion

2. Main Tenants: The Calling – Protestant work ethic
Calvin did not believe in free will
Predestination
Main Tenants: The Calling – Protestant work ethic
Spread to Scotland, France, England and America

3. ENGLISH REFORMATION

4. The King’s Great Matter
English humanists had been wanting reform
1509 Henry VIII became the king aged 18
Henry was strongly Catholic and had been trained as a priest
The pope gave him the title Defender of the Faith
Luther called him a “lubberly ass”

5. Henry VIII
Was given special permission from Pope Julius II to marry Catherine of Aragon
Deutoronomy
Catherine had been his brother’s wife

6. Catherine of Aragon Daughter of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
Catholic
She had five daughters, only Mary survived
Henry asked Pope Clement VII to grant a divorce

7. The “matter” took six years
Charles V was Catherine’s nephew
Leviticus
Charles V was in Rome
Lutheranism
Papal infallibility
The “matter” took six years

8. Denied an annulment of marriage
Henry issued The Act in Restraint of Appeals (1533), which made the king supreme head of England
The Act of Submission of the Clergy (1534), clergy must submit to the monarch
The Supremacy Act, (1534) made the king head of the Church of England
Separated Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church

9. Thomas More and John Fisher refused and were beheaded
Catherine still remained loyal to him and the Catholic faith
The king could now remarry

10. Anne Boleyn Maid of honor to Catherine 2nd wife and most famous wife
Bore him a daughter
Elizabeth I
In 1536, charged Anne of adultery
Beheaded on May 19, 1536

11. Jane Seymour
Third wife
Protestant
King Edward VI

12. Henry dissolved the monasteries and kept the wealth
Sold the land to his friends
The whole country was not willing to change

13. Edward VI Only son of Henry His mother died of child bed fever
Became king at nine
Had been tutored by Protestants
Died from several sicknesses in 1553

14. Mary Tudor Became queen after Edward died Devoted Catholic
Nicknamed “Bloody Mary”
Married her cousin Philip II of Spain
Very unpopular

15. Elizabeth of York Became queen of England in 1558
Protestant, but tolerant
“Elizabethan Settlement” required conformity
Thirty Nine Articles became the basis of the Anglican Church

16. SCOTLAND Did not follow the English model
Mary Queen of Scots allied with the French
Scottish nobles supported the Protestants and John Knox
Knox persuaded Parliament to end papal supremacy in Scotland
Established the Presbyterian Church of Scotland

17. The Catholic Reformation
Also, known as the Counter-Reformation
Began in 1517 in response to calls for reform
Didn’t really have an affect until the 1540s
Catholic Church wanted to persuade dissidents to return to the church

18. The Lateran Council (1512) had told Julius II to reform the church
Adrian VI wanted reform but he was Dutch
Popes resisted reform because they feared a loss of power and revenue
Pope Paul III Council of Trent in 1545

19. The council met sporadically until 1563
Decided: a) 7 sacraments b) Bishops had to reside in their dioceses c) Suppressed pluralism and simony d) Churches had to establish seminaries e) The Index of Prohibited Books
Great emphasis was placed on discipline
The Council did not meet expectations but it did correct the church

20. New religious orders appeared, such as the Jesuits and the Ursuline nuns
These orders emphasized strict Catholic dogma to lift up the spiritual condition of the clergy and laity
The Jesuits (The Society of Jesus) was founded by Ignatius Loyola and emphasized education
The Ursuline order was only for women