1. Temperate Climates

2. Cool Temperate Oceanic
Temperature: Warm summers (15 – 17), mild winters (4 – 6). Moderate with small annual temperature range of about 11 degrees.
Precipitation: Rains all year but with a winter maximum. Totals varies between 800mm and 2000mm. Cloudy and changeable weather conditions.
Natural Vegetation: Deciduous forest – oak, ash, elm and willow.

3. Oak

7. Warm Temperate Oceanic (Mediterranean)
Found on western edge of landmasses between 30 and 40 degrees north and south.

8. Summer
Hot, averaging 30 degrees. Reasonably close to equator, sun is high in the sky. Cloudless skies – lots of sunshine.
Dry with some drought. High pressure dominates and they are under the influence of the trade winds that blow over dry land masses.

9. Winter
Mild with temperatures averaging between 4 and 6 degrees. Sun is still high enough to give warm conditions. Prevailing wind is south westerly.
Moist with rainfall between 400mm and 700mm. Prevailing wind blows over Atlantic bringing moist air. Depressions form over Mediterranean sea.

11. Vegetation Evergreen woodland – cork oak, cypress, cedar and olive.
They adapted because they have:
Have thick waxy barks and waxy leaves.
Are widely spaced.

12. Olive plantation in Spain

13. Cypress Trees

14. Changing Mediterranean Landscape
Human activity has changed for better and worse.
Woodland cleared for agriculture. Overgrazing = soil erosion by sudden heavy downpours.
New tree crops introduced – citrus fruits (oranges, lemons etc) and vines.
Irrigation schemes introduced – higher yields of crops such as vegetables, wheat and sunflowers.

18. Tourism Industry Attractive climate. Brought wealth to many regions.
Damaged the environment with pollution and badly planned developments.
Over 50 million tourists visit Spain each year.