1. Therapy and Treatment

2. Insight Therapy
Designed to help clients understand the causes of their problems. This understanding or insight will then help clients gain greater control over their thoughts, feelings and behaviors

3. Psychoanalytical Therapy
Sigmund Freud
Assumes psychological problems are fueled by repressed childhood memories. Its goal is to bring the repressed feelings into conscious awareness so the patient can deal with them.

4. Psychoanalytical Therapy
Free association and Projective Tests to reveal unconscious thoughts
Resistance- patients tendency to avoid topics that cause anxiety and pain
Transference- transferring unconscious feelings toward one person onto another person (usually the therapist)
Psychodynamic Therapy- face to face interactions; shorter commitment than psychoanalytical; therapy focuses on childhood conflicts but not on unconscious conflicts

5. Cognitive Therapy
Believes that faulty thoughts, such as negative self- talk and irrational beliefs, cause psychological problems.

6. Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)
Aaron Beck
Focuses on changing faulty thoughts & behaviors

7. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
Albert Ellis
Based on the belief that anxiety and depression often stem from irrational and self defeating beliefs
Goal is to change distorted thoughts and thereby change maladaptive behavior
Tools used: therapist confronts client regarding distorted thoughts & teaches client to replace those thoughts with rational beliefs
Tends to be very forceful.

8. Humanistic Therapy Carl Rogers
Believing that people are innately good and motivate to achieve their highest potential instead of viewing human nature as irrational or self-destructive

9. Insight Therapy
Attempting to reduce the inner conflicts that are impeding natural development by increasing the awareness of underlying motives.
Focuses more on the present and future than on the past
Conscious, not unconscious thoughts

10. Gestalt Therapy Fritz Perls
Therapy aimed to emphasize the need for clients to fully acknowledge and experience their feelings, thoughts, and to become more self aware and self accepting.
Empty-chair technique- patient sit in front of an empty chair and imagines that the person to whom she/he needs to express feelings is in the chair.

11. Client-Centered Therapy
Aka- Person Centered Therapy
One of the most used psychotherapies
Believed that psychological problems arise when the clients ideal self differs significantly from the client’s real self.
Creating a comfortable, non-judgmental environment by demonstrating empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard toward the patient.

12. Behavioral Therapy
Focuses on the problem of behavior itself, rather than on the insights into the behavior underlying cause

13. Systematic Desensitization
Joseph Wolpe
An exposure technique that uses principles of classical conditioning to reduce anxiety by slowly exposing the client to the anxiety producing stimulus. Over time, the client anxiety is gone.
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

14. Exposure Therapy Exposing the patient to things they fear and avoid.
Through repeated exposures anxiety lessons

15. Flooding
Exposing the patient to the thing he/she fears immediately facing it instead of gradually facing it.

16. Aversion Therapy
Uses principles of classical conditioning to create anxiety (opposite of systematic because it is creating not reducing anxiety)
The therapist deliberately pairs an unpleasant stimulus with a maladaptive behavior

17. Token Economy
Getting something for good behavior, such as tickets, that can be turned in at a later time for a reward

18. Modeling
Exhibiting the way a person should think, act, deal with in certain situations

19. Group Therapy
Allows clients to try out new behaviors in a safe environment
Allows clients to not feel isolated in their feelings (group offers support and feedback)

20. Family and Marital Therapy
A special form of group therapy that allow the problems that clients present with for treatment to be addressed in a larger family setting.

21. Biomedical Therapy
Based on the premise that the symptoms of many psychological disorders involve biological factors, such as chemical imbalances, disturbed nervous system functions, and abnormal brain chemistry.
Used drugs and/or brain stimulation to treat

22. Pharmacology
The study of how drugs affect mental processes and behaviors

23. Antianxiety Drugs (Psychotropic)
Designed to reduce anxiety and produce relaxation by lowering sympathetic activity in the brain.
Valium
Xanax

24. Antipsychotic Drugs (Neuroleptics/Tranquilizers)
Designed to diminish or eliminate positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations, delusions,…
Reduce dopamine receptors in the brain
Haldol and Thorazine
Long term use can lead to Tardive Dyskinesia
Movement disorder characterized by involuntary movements of the tongue, facial muscles, and limbs.

25. Mood Stabilizing Drugs
Designed to treat the combination of manic and depressive episodes of bipolar disorder
Lithium

26. Antidepressants
Designed to treat depression by inhibiting the reuptake of the serotonin.
Prozac

27. Brain Stimulation
A method of stimulation of the brain through electrical currents

28. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Used to treat serious cases of depression
Places two electrodes on the outside of the patients head and passes moderate (100 volts) of electrical current through the brain

29. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)
An alternative to ECT that involves placing a pulsating magnetic coil over the prefrontal regions of the brain
Treats depression with minimal side effects

30. Psychosurgery The most dramatic and least used
Removes part of the brain tissue to correct psychological issues.