1. Gatsby, Fitzgerald and Modernism

2. Pablo Picasso’s painting “Guernica” embodies modernist feelings of alienation and disconnection with established societal norms and values.

3. Modernism
In general, modernism is an early twentieth-century literary movement with the following characteristics:
(1) the desire to break away from established literary traditions
(2) a sense of abandonment, and alienation especially alienation
(3) experiments in form and style, particularly with fragmentation
(4) a fascination with the urban landscape

4. Why are Modernists? So Alienated
Blame it on World War 1
The war was the first truly international war.
It brought not only an unprecedented large scale of war but also devastating losses for all countries involved.
The war was unlike previous wars, and was extremely, extremely brutal.

5. Context: WWI
America lost over 100,000 people; over 1 million people lost in Europe
Mass society produced a form of mass destruction
Trench warfare
Poison gas
The scale of unnecessary suffering and the enormous loss of life changed the value system of society

8. Context: Post WWI Standard of living increased for most
Americans abandoned small towns in exchange for urban living
Economy prospered as Americans tried to forget troubles of war
- frivolous spending
- illegal liquor
- immorality
Creation of the credit system

9. Context: Prohibition
18th Amendment to Constitution prohibited manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages
Thousands turned to bootlegging
Mob activity increased to supply the demand for what was once legal

10. What did this historical context and alienation do to Modernist Writers?
This context and Alienation made Modernist writers:
Distrustful of all traditions or conventions
Despair over the state of society
Write about people detached from society
Believe in nothing ……. NADA!
Drink destructively

11. Modernism
Modernism was an artistic trend that sought to find new ways to communicate new ideas and values
Artist as less appreciated, but more sensitive, than the average person
“By trusting in the power of art to save us from the deadening features of everyday life, especially the desensitizing elements in urban, industrial society, the artist both challenges tradition and invigorates it.”

12. F. Scott Fitzgerald
Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1896.
His middle-class parents constantly overextended themselves financially.
In high school, Fitzgerald published fiction in the school magazine.
At Princeton, he also published fiction and wrote amateur comedies.

13. Love and War Fitzgerald left Princeton to join the Army in 1917.
He published his first short story.
He also fell in love with Zelda Sayre, a Southern belle who wouldn't marry him until he could provide for her financially.

14. This Side of Paradise (1920)
His first novel, This Side of Paradise, convinced Zelda he could be a success.
It captured undergraduate life at Princeton, became an instant success, and established Scott as the “golden boy” of the Jazz Age.

15. Fitzgerald and The Roaring‘20s
The Fitzgeralds became part of the wealthy, extravagant society of this time.
They spent time in both New York and Europe, mingling with famous celebrities and spending recklessly.
The decline of Fitzgerald’s personal and artistic life coincided with the end of the 1920s.

16. Fitzgerald’s Decline
Fitzgerald was forced to write “hack work” to support their lifestyle.
His addiction to alcohol increased.
Zelda was rumored to have had an affair in Europe.

17. Fitzgerald’s decline
Zelda suffered nervous breakdowns and was later institutionalized with schizophrenia.
She died in a fire in 1938.
Fitzgerald never regained his voice in literature and died of a heart attack at age 44 in 1940.

18. Fitzgerald’s claim to fame
F. Scott Fitzgerald is best know as the leading writer of the Jazz Age.
He was able to both live the life of the Roaring ‘20s yet write as a detached observer of it.