3. Nazi Germany 1. How were the Nazis able to come to power?
2. How were the Nazis able to achieve total
control?

4. Review: How Were the Nazis Able to Come to Power?
Use of terror – S.A.
2. Jews as scapegoats for problems in Germany
3. Fear of Communism – burning of the Reichstag
4. Appeal to Nationalism – Lebensraum

5. 5. Propaganda – to control the masses, create mass hysteria
6. Hitler – Orator: strong/passionate leadership figure
7. Offered simple plan to restore economy

6. 8. Great Depression:
Created unemployment = rise of extreme parties
Frightened people who did not want 1923 repeat
9. Treaty of Versailles – Nazis promised to restore German prestige and get rid of T of V

7. 2. How were the Nazis able to achieve total control?

8. Nazis - Final Steps to Total Control
February 1933: After passing the Enabling Act, Hitler eliminates freedom of speech and freedom of the press.
May 1933: Trade unions abolished. Replaced by the German Labour Front, a Nazi dominated group.
July 1933: All political parties outlawed (Communists had been outlawed in February).

9. 1933: Joseph Goebbels appointed Minister for Propaganda:
Controlled and censored art, literature, theatre, films, radio, and the press.
1933 onwards: Hitler Youth, League of German Maidens established
Youth “groups” > children were subjected to a steady diet of Nazi propaganda

10. June 1934: Night of the Long Knives:
Hilter murders internal challengers/threats to his control > Ernst Roehm, leader of the Brownshirts (S.A.)
Results:
> Hitler won support of the regular army who were worried that Rohm and the S.A. were going to take over the regular army.
> Rid himself of the Nazi party“socialists”.
> S.S. under Himmler replaced S.A. under Roehm.

12. August 1934: Hindenburg dies
August 1934: Hindenburg dies. Hitler abolishes titles of Chancellor and President.
Pronounces himself Fuhrer or leader of Germany.

13. Hitler’s Ministers:
Herman Goering: Minister of the Air and organizer of the first Gestapo
Dr. Josef Goebbels: Minister of Propaganda
Heinrich Himmler: Chief of the S.S.
* S.S. (short for Shutzstaffel) formed in 1929, was an elite protective squadron. Membership based on height, looks, complexion, facial structure and racial background.

15. Hitler and the Nazi Economy at Work:
- Firms only allowed to produce what the gov't wanted (raw materials for production came
only from the gov't)
- focus on heavy industry production > arms production

16. -After 1933: Hitler and the Nazi party stimulate economy and bring prosperity to Germany.
How? Spend on military
1934:Germany begins rearming
1935: Conscription
Developed an airforce: Luftwaffe
By 1939: 16x more $ spent on military than in 1933

17. Military Expenditure 1933-39 (from DeMarco p.101)
Figures in millions of marks
- Men employed producing weapons and on large public works schemes (building cheap housing for workers & autobahns) mean that unemployment is solved.

18. 1936 Berlin Olympics

19. - Brief period leading up to games, Hitler eased attacks on Jews - Anti-Semitic posters removed; anti-Jewish papers disappeared - A couple Jews allowed to compete for Germany - Succeeded in boosting Hitler's image abroad - Germany won most medals - Foreign visitors saw only evidence of Germany's miraculous recovery - Once visitors left, persecution began again